Muscarinic antinociceptive agents with potent and selective effects on the GI tract: Potential application for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Grahani Dosha is vitiation of Agni i.e. functional derangement of Grahani regarding production of Pachaka Pitta (enzymes responsible for digestion) and also holding (Grahana) of Ama (food) for digestion. Grahani in Ayurveda is called as Pittadhara kala which is the seat of Agni responsible for digestion of food and situated above Nabhi. The part of small intestine and large intestine lying between Amashaya and Pakwashaya should be considered as Grahani. This part is also described as the sole site of Pitta. Various disorders of GI tract like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can be considered under heading of Grahani Roga. Both the formulations Nagradya Churna and Bhunimbadya churna are highly effective, promote appetite, digestion and remove Ama Dosha from the system by increasing the power of Agni. Madhu is Yogabahi and it helps to initiate the absorption through intestine properly. Total 40 patients of Grahani were registered and randomly divided into 2 groups for clinical trial of 45days. Result of the study revealed that both the formulations produced significant results in almost all cases barring a few patients who were suffering from longer period.

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Dietary Options in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Pakistan BioMedical Journal ◽

10.52229/pbmj.v1i2.41 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tayyaba Shabbir ◽

Maria Aslam ◽

Mishal Liaqat ◽

Rija Khan ◽

Maham Saleem

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Pain ◽

Food Environment ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

Disease Condition ◽

Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the disease condition in which our gastrointestinal (GI) tract is affected and cause abdominal pain and discomfort that is associated with change in the stools form and frequency. In this condition one may suffer from diarrhea, constipation or both at the same time. This disorder is very common now days because of unhealthy eating habits mostly in females. Many factors are responsible for IBS like food, environment, genetic and psychological factors. IBS can be overcomed by improving our eating habits and lifestyle and also by following different diets like FODMAP and GLUTEN FREE diet. Probiotics and herbs are also very beneficial in curing IBS.

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Therapeutic Effects of Berberine Hydrochloride on Stress-Induced Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats by Inhibiting Neurotransmission in Colonic Smooth Muscle

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.596686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yulin Lu ◽

Jingjing Huang ◽

Yao Zhang ◽

Zitong Huang ◽

Weiming Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Organ Bath ◽

Chronic Restraint Stress ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Longitudinal Smooth Muscle ◽

Defecation Frequency ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

D Model

The etiology of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is complicated and closely related to neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Developing new strategies for treating this disease is a major challenge for IBS-D research. Berberine hydrochloride (BBH), the derivative of berberine, is a herbal constituent used to treat IBS. Previous studies have shown that BBH has potential anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, and antidiarrheal effects and a wide range of biological activities, especially in regulating the release of some neurotransmitters. A modified IBS-D rat model induced by chronic restraint stress was used in all experiments to study the effects of BBH on the GI tract. This study measured the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) response to graded colorectal distention (CRD; 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg) and observed the fecal areas of stress-induced IBS-D model. Experiments were conducted using organ bath techniques, which were performed in vitro using strips of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter agents were added to each organ bath to observe contractile responses on the strips and the treatment effect exerted by BBH. The IBS-D rat model was successfully induced by chronic restraint stress, which resulted in an increased defecation frequency and visceral hypersensitivity similar to that of humans. BBH could reduce 4-h fecal areas and AWR response to CRD in IBS-D. The stress-induced IBS-D model showed upregulated colonic mRNA expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3A receptor and downregulated expression levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Meanwhile, BBH could reverse this outcome. The responses of substances that regulate the contraction induced by related neurotransmission in the longitudinal smooth muscle of IBS-D colon (including the agonist of acetylcholine, carbachol; NOS inhibitor, L-NAME; and P2Y1 receptor antagonist, MRS2500) can be inhibited by BBH. In summary, BBH promotes defecation frequency and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D and exerts inhibitory effects on contractile responses in colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Thus, BBH may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating IBS-D.

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