Nested spatial biodiversity patterns of nematode genera in a New Zealand forest and pasture soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christien H Ettema ◽  
Gregor W Yeates
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
Pasture Soil

Distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary sulphur and sources of plant-available soil sulphur in irrigated pasture soil–plant systems treated with 35sulphur-labelled urine

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Nguyen ◽  
K. M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
S Model

SUMMARYA field plot experiment of 271 days duration was conducted on New Zealand irrigated pastures, commencing in the summer (January) 1988, on a Templeton silt loam soil (Udic Ustochrept) by applying 35sulphur (35S)-labelled urine (250 μCi/g S with 1300 μg S/ml) to field plots (600 × 600 mm) at a rate equivalent to that normally occurring in sheep urine patches (150 ml/0·03 m2) to investigate the distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary S in pasture soil–plant systems and sources of plant-available soil S as influenced by the available soil moisture at the time of urine application and varying amounts of applied irrigation water. Results obtained showed that c. 55–90% of 35S-labelled urine was incorporated into soil sulphate (SO42−), ester SO42− and carbon (C)-bonded S fractions within the major plant rooting zone (0–300 mm), as early as 27 days after urine application. Hydriodic acid (Hl)-reducible and C-bonded soil S fractions showed no consistent trend of incorporation. On day 271, labelled-S was found in soil SO42−, Hl-reducible S and C-bonded S fractions to a soil depth of 500 mm, indicating that not only SO42− but also organic S fractions from soils and 35S-labelled urine were leached beyond the major rooting zone. A large proportion (c. 59–75%) of 35S-labelled urine was not recovered in pasture soil–plant systems over a 271-day period, presumably due to leaching losses beyond the 0–300 mm soil depth. This estimated leaching loss was comparable to that (75%) predicted using the S model developed by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture. The recovery of urinary S in soil–plant systems over a 271-day period was not affected by different amounts of irrigation water applied 7 days after urine application to soil at either 50 or 75% available water holding capacity (AWHC). However, significantly lower S recovery occurred when urinary S was applied to the soil at 25% AWHC than at field capacity, suggesting that urinary S applied at field capacity might not have sufficient time to be adsorbed by soil particles, enter soil micropores or be immobilized by soil micro-organisms. Both soil ester SO42− and calcium phosphate-extractable soil S in urine-treated soils were found to be major S sources for pasture S uptake. Labelled S from 35S-labelled urine accounted for c. 12–47% of total S in pasture herbage.

Fate of nitrogen in pig slurry applied to a New Zealand pasture soil

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Carey ◽  
A. W. Rate ◽  
K. C. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen ◽  
Denitrification Loss ◽  
Large Soil

A 2-year lysimeter study was conducted to determine the fate of nitrogen in pig slurry applied to a moderately fertile, semi-free-draining pasture soil in the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand. Pig slurry was applied annually for 2 years in autumn, at 3 rates of 0, 200, and 400 kg N/ha to 12 large soil lysimeters (4 at each rate), 800 mm in diameter by 1200 mm deep. Slurry applied in Year 1 was labelled with 15N and a mass balance obtained at the end of the experiment. The mass balance showed that over the 2 years following application of 15N-labelled slurry, 8–19% was lost in the leachate, 20% was removed in the cut pasture, 15–26% was lost via volatilisation, 14–18% remained in the roots and soil, and approximately 30% was lost by denitrification. The high denitrification loss was attributed to (i) a large soil concentration of nitrate supplied from nitrification of the ammonium-N in the slurry; (ii) a readily oxidisable source of carbon supplied in the slurry; and (iii) transient anaerobic conditions produced by textural discontinuities and impeding layers within the soil profile. The fate of applied nitrogen between years was affected by the pattern of water inputs (rainfall and irrigation) and the resulting effect on drainage. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the leachate from the 200 kg N/ha·year treatment were found to be consistently below 25 mg N/L, but those from the 400 kg N/ha·year treatment were considerably higher (c. 65 mg N/L) and persisted for a prolonged period. The latter N concentration represented a significant loss of nitrogen over the study period and may be of environmental concern.

Temperature effects on N2O and N2denitrification end-products for a New Zealand pasture soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Phillips ◽  
AMS McMillan ◽  
T Palmada ◽  
J Dando ◽  
D Giltrap
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
End Products

scholarly journals Spatial biodiversity patterns in a large New Zealand braided river

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Gray ◽  
Mike R. Scarsbrook ◽  
Jon S. Harding
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Braided River ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns

scholarly journals The impact of shelterbelts in North Island East Coast dryland regions

1999 ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Hawke ◽  
A.G. Gillingham ◽  
M. Gray ◽  
M. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Shelterbelts are a feature of the New Zealand landscape and in the dryland East Coast regions of the North Island, are seen in a diversity of planting patterns, species and silvicultural practices. To date, their economic benefits have not been assessed, partly because of the difficulty in evaluating the many interrelated pasture, soil, animal and forestry factors. Recent shelterbelt research in New Zealand has been conducted as a collaborative approach by AgResearch, Forest Research and Hort Research. Results of pasture, soil and tree measurements in the East Coast region indicate that shelterbelts, however managed, do not significantly increase pasture production in the sheltered zone. The competitive effects of trees reduce soil moisture in zones close to the shelter, which also encourages the accumulation of dung and urine nutrients in this zone by animals seeking protection. The modification in resting patterns as a result of shelter may be reflected in improved animal welfare and production but this was not measured. The value of timber from shelterbelts on the East Coast indicates that they have a role in diversifying farming income and offering a modified land use, which will help to sustain productive farming practices. Keywords: livestock, log value, pasture production, Pinus radiata, shelter, shelterbelts, soil moisture, soil nutrients, wood yields

Nitrous oxide emissions from dairy farm effluent applied to a New Zealand pasture soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
J. Luo ◽  
Y. Shi ◽  
S. Lindsey ◽  
D. Houlbrooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Pasture Soil

New Zealand species of Steneotarsonemus Beer (Acari: Tarsonemidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1028 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
JIAN-ZHEN LIN ◽  
ZHI-QIANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
World Species ◽  
Auckland Island ◽  
Pasture Soil

New Zealand Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) comprises three species: Steneotarsonemus (Neosteneotarsonemus) ramus sp. nov. collected from Poa litorosa in Tagua Bay, Auckland Island; Steneotarsonemus (Mahunkacarus) mayae sp. nov. found under leaf sheaths and on flower panicles of Dracophyllum strictum Hook in Awakino; and Steneotarsonemus (Steneotarsonemus) spirifex (Marchal) collected from ryegrass and pasture soil in Palmerston North and The Glen. Keys to world species of Steneotarsonemus (Neosteneotarsonemus) and Steneotarsonemus (Mahunkacarus) are provided.

High frequency of virus-infected bacterial cells in a sheep grazed pasture soil in New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Bowatte ◽  
Paul C.D. Newton ◽  
Ryu Takahashi ◽  
Makoto Kimura
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Pasture Soil
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