Gas exchange and growth responses of the desert shrubs Artemisia tridentata and Chrysothamnus nauseosus to shallow- vs. deep-soil water in a glasshouse experiment

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Joshua Leffler ◽  
Carolyn Y. Ivans ◽  
Ronald J. Ryel ◽  
Martyn M. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Chrysothamnus Nauseosus ◽  
Desert Shrubs ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment

Seedling mortality during biphasic drought in sandy Mediterranean soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Benigno ◽  
Kingsley W. Dixon ◽  
Jason C. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought, and seedling response to a recurrent pattern of drought stress is necessary to understand vegetation establishment patterns in particularly for ecological restoration and conservation projects. A controlled environment study investigated seedling physiological response of framework Mediterranean tree species to simulated successive droughts. Six-month-old seedlings were grown in 1.0 m tall pots to emulate deep soil profiles and subjected to a well watered treatment and a drought treatment consisting of an initial 60 day drought (water withholding), followed by 120 days of re-watering and a subsequent 60 day drought. Soil water access, soil water content, maximum root depth and xylem water potential were assessed through successive harvests. To assess seedling response to multiple droughts, gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were taken every 15 days after each drought, and multiple times throughout re-watering. No seedling mortality was observed during the initial drought, whereas 100% mortality of all species occurred within 48 days of the second drought. Seedling gas exchange and water potential decreased with decreasing water availability but was dependent on the isohydric or anisohydric behaviour of individual species. An absence of sustained photoprotection during the second drought phase heightened photodamage to foliar tissues resulting in a more rapid decrease of gs and leaf water potential. Therefore, biphasic drought proved detrimental to seedling establishment by reducing physiological resilience, highlighting the severity of future climate change predictions towards the regeneration capacity of Mediterranean ecosystems.

scholarly journals Connecting ecohydrology and hydropedology in desert shrubs: stemflow as a source of preferential flow in soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1551-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-Y. Li ◽  
Z.-P. Yang ◽  
Y.-T. Li ◽  
H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Desert Shrubs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Layer Analysis ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Abstract. Ecohydrology and hydropedology are two emerging fields that are interconnected. In this study, we demonstrate stemflow hydrology and preferential water flow along roots in two desert shrubs (H. scoparium and S. psammophila) in the south fringe of Mu Us sandy land in North China. Stemflow generation and subsequent movement within soil-root system were investigated during the growing seasons from 2006 to 2008. The results indicated that the amount of stemflow in H. scoparium averaged 3.4% of incident gross rainfall with a range of 2.3–7.0%, and in S. psammophila stemflow averaged 6.3% with a range of 0.2–14.2%. Stemflow was produced from rainfall events more than 1 mm for both shrubs. The average funneling ratio (the ratio of rainfall amount delivered to the base of the tree to the rainfall that would have reached the ground should the tree were not present) was 77.8 and 48.7 for H. scoparium and S. psammophila, respectively, indicating that branches and stems were fully contributing to stemflow generation and thereby provided considerable amount of water to deep soil layer. Analysis of rhodamine-B dye distribution under the shrubs showed that stemflow entered the soil preferentially along root channels contributing to deep storage and that the depth of stemflow infiltrated increased with increasing incident rainfall amount. Distribution of soil water content under the shrubs with and without stemflow ascertained that stemflow was conducive to concentrate and store water in deep layers in the soil profiles, creating favorable soil water conditions for plant growth under arid conditions. Accordingly there is a clear linkage between aboveground ecohydrology and belowground hydropedology in the desert shrubs, whereby an increase in stemflow would result in an increase in soil hydrological heterogeneity.

Severe depletion of available deep soil water induced by revegetation on the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 119156
Author(s):  
Binbin Li ◽  
Wantao Zhang ◽  
Shujie Li ◽  
Ju Wang ◽  
Guobin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

scholarly journals Growth responses to soil water potential indirectly shape local species distributions of tropical forest seedlings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Kupers ◽  
Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht ◽  
Andrés Hernández ◽  
S. Joseph Wright ◽  
Christian Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Local Species

High vapour pressure deficit and low soil water availability enhance shoot growth responses of a C4 grass (Panicum coloratum cv. Bambatsi) to CO2 enrichment

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman P. Seneweera ◽  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Jann Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
Shoot Mass

The hypothesis that shoot growth responses of C4 grasses to elevated CO2 are dependent on shoot water relations was tested using a C4 grass, Panicum coloratum (NAD-ME subtype). Plants were grown for 35 days at CO2 concentrations of 350 or 1000 µL CO2 L-1. Shoot water relations were altered by growing plants in soil which was brought daily to 65, 80 or 100% field capacity (FC) and by maintaining the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at 0.9 or 2.1 kPa. At 350 µL CO2 L-1, high VPD and lower soil water content depressed shoot dry mass, which declined in parallel at each VPD with decreasing soil water content. The growth depression at high VPD was associated with increased shoot transpiration, whereas at low soil water, leaf water potential was reduced. Elevated CO2 ameliorated the impact of both stresses by decreasing transpiration rates and raising leaf water potential. Consequently, high CO2 approximately doubled shoot mass and leaf length at a VPD of 2.1 kPa and soil water contents of 65 and 80% FC but had no effect on unstressed plants. Water use efficiency was enhanced by elevated CO2 under conditions of stress but this was primarily due to increases in shoot mass. High CO2 had a greater effect on leaf growth parameters than on stem mass. Elevated CO2 increased specific leaf area and leaf area ratio, the latter at high VPD only. We conclude that high CO2 increases shoot growth of C4 grasses by ameliorating the effects of stress induced by either high VPD or low soil moisture. Since these factors limit growth of field-grown C4 grasses, it is likely that their biomass will be enhanced by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

Growth and leaf gas exchange in Populus euphratica across soil water and salinity gradients

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Li ◽  
C. Y. Zhao ◽  
J. Li ◽  
Y. Y. Yan ◽  
B. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Salinity Gradients

scholarly journals Water Deficit Modulates the CO2 Fertilization Effect on Plant Gas Exchange and Leaf-Level Water Use Efficiency: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Dagang Guo ◽  
Xiaodong Gao ◽  
Xining Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stimulation Of

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([eCO2]) and soil water deficits significantly influence gas exchange in plant leaves, affecting the carbon-water cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how the soil water deficit modulates the plant CO2 fertilization effect, especially for gas exchange and leaf-level water use efficiency (WUE). Here, we synthesized a comprehensive dataset including 554 observations from 54 individual studies and quantified the responses for leaf gas exchange induced by e[CO2] under water deficit. Moreover, we investigated the contribution of plant net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and transpiration rates (Tr) toward WUE in water deficit conditions and e[CO2] using graphical vector analysis (GVA). In summary, e[CO2] significantly increased Pn and WUE by 11.9 and 29.3% under well-watered conditions, respectively, whereas the interaction of water deficit and e[CO2] slightly decreased Pn by 8.3%. Plants grown under light in an open environment were stimulated to a greater degree compared with plants grown under a lamp in a closed environment. Meanwhile, water deficit reduced Pn by 40.5 and 37.8%, while increasing WUE by 24.5 and 21.5% under ambient CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) and e[CO2], respectively. The e[CO2]-induced stimulation of WUE was attributed to the common effect of Pn and Tr, whereas a water deficit induced increase in WUE was linked to the decrease in Tr. These results suggested that water deficit lowered the stimulation of e[CO2] induced in plants. Therefore, fumigation conditions that closely mimic field conditions and multi-factorial experiments such as water availability are needed to predict the response of plants to future climate change.

Surface Dust Impacts on Gas Exchange in Mojave Desert Shrubs

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rasoul Sharifi ◽  
Arthur C. Gibson ◽  
Philip W. Rundel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Desert Shrubs ◽  
Surface Dust
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