Leaf gas exchange and fluorescence of Phillyrea latifolia, Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus ilex saplings in severe drought and high temperature conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Filella ◽  
J Llusià ◽  
J Piñol ◽  
J Peñuelas
2019 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 108733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Húrsula Neves ◽  
Rodolfo Inácio Nunes Santos ◽  
Gabriel Ito dos Santos Teixeira ◽  
Dênmora Gomes de Araujo ◽  
Walter Vellasco Duarte Silvestre ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra El Omari ◽  
Isabel Fleck ◽  
Xavier Aranda ◽  
Asumpci� Moret ◽  
Mart� Nadal

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1366-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Llusià ◽  
J Peñuelas

Terpene concentration and emission were studied in potted plants of some of the most common Mediterranean woody species (Pinus halepensis L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Cistus albidus L., Cistus monspeliensis L., Quercus ilex L., Quercus coccifera L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., and Arbutus unedo L.) under irrigation and under severe drought conditions that dropped relative water content to a range between 40% in Q. ilex and 85% in Phillyrea latifolia after withholding watering for one dry summer week. Terpene concentrations were detected in Pinus halepensis, Pistacia lentiscus, C. albidus, and C. monspeliensis, and they increased after withholding watering except in C. albidus. Terpene emission was detected in all species except Phillyrea angustifolia and A. unedo. Pinus halepensis showed the highest diurnal terpene emission rates of 86 µg·g-1 dry wt.·h-1 followed by C. albidus, Pistacia lentiscus, Q. ilex, Q. coccifera, Phillyrea latifolia, and C. monspeliensis (4 µg·g-1 dry wt.·h-1). Emitted terpenes represented from 0.33% of C fixed in C. monspeliensis to 10% in C. albidus. All species severely decreased their terpene emission rates under severe drought conditions. Emission by terpene-storing species (e.g., Pinus halepensis) was more related to temperature than in nonstoring species (e.g., Q. ilex), which showed emission relationships with photosynthetic rates. The monoterpenes alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, beta-phellandrene, and limonene and the sesquiterpene caryophyllene were the most abundant terpenes stored and emitted by these Mediterranean plant species.Key words: drought, Mediterranean conditions, terpene concentration, terpene emission, woody plants.


Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Adriana Cruz de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Flavio Batista de Araujo ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá ◽  
Luciana Luzia Pinho ◽  
...  

INFLUÊNCIA DA IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS SOBRE AS TROCAS GASOSAS FOLIARES DO ALGODOEIRO   ADRIANA CRUZ DE OLIVEIRA1; ANTONIO FLAVIO BATISTA DE ARAUJO2; CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE LACERDA3; JUVENALDO FLORENTINO CANJÁ4; LUCIANA LUZIA PINHO5 E NAARA IORRANA GOMES SOUSA6     1 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Mestrando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O uso de águas residuárias na irrigação tem crescido como suplementação para driblar a escassez hídrica. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre as respostas das culturas sobre sua aplicação. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os impactos da irrigação suplementar com águas residuárias tratadas sobre as trocas gasosas do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulando-se cenários hídricos considerados normais, seca e seca severa, na presença e ausência de NPK. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Russas – CE, em área vizinha à lagoa de estabilização da CAGECE – Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, em DBC, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro blocos. As parcelas foram cenários hídricos (normal, seca e seca severa); a subparcela foi a suplementação ou não com água residuária tratada nos veranicos simulados; a subsubparcela foi a aplicação ou não de NPK. A cultivar utilizada foi BR 433. Aos 25 dias após a semeadura foram analisadas fotossíntese, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e temperatura foliar. Os cenários de seca e seca severa apresentaram pequeno impacto sobre as trocas gasosas foliares do algodoeiro. Entretanto, a irrigação suplementar reduziu a temperatura foliar e atenuou os efeitos do cenário de seca sobre a fotossíntese, independente da aplicação ou não de NPK.   Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum L, Reúso de água, Seca.         OLIVEIRA, A. C. de; ARAUJO, A. F. B. de; LACERDA, C. F. de; CANJÁ, J. F.; PINHO, L. L.; SOUSA, N. I. G. INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION WITH WASTEWATER ON COTTON LEAF GAS EXCHANGE     2 ABSTRACT   The use of wastewater in irrigation has grown as a supplement to circumvent water scarcity. However, little is known about the responses of cultures to its application. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the impacts of supplementary irrigation with treated wastewater on gas exchange of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulating water scenarios considered normal, drought and severe drought, in the presence and absence of NPK. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Russas - CE, in an area next to the stabilization pond of CAGECE - Companhia de Agua e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, in DBC, in the subdivided plot scheme, with four blocks. The plots were water scenarios (normal, drought and severe drought); the subplot was supplemented or not with wastewater treated in the simulated summer days; the sub-installment was the application or not of NPK. The cultivar used was BR 433. At 25 days after sowing, photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration and leaf temperature were analyzed. The drought and severe drought scenarios had little impact on the cotton leaf gas exchange. However, supplementary irrigation reduced leaf temperature and attenuated the effects of drought scenario on photosynthesis, whether or not NPK was applied.   Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L, Water reuse, Drought.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Kübert ◽  
Kathrin Kühnhammer ◽  
Ines Bamberger ◽  
Erik Daber ◽  
Jason De Leeuw ◽  
...  

<p>Increasing drought in the tropics is a major threat to rainforests and can strongly harm plant communities. Understanding species-specific water use strategies to drought and the subsequent recovery is therefore important for estimating the risk to tropical rainforest ecosystems of drought. Conducting a large-scale long-term drought experiment in a model rainforest ecosystem (Biosphere 2 WALD project), we evaluated the role of plant physiological responses, above and below ground, in response to drought and subsequent recovery in five species (3 canopy species, 2 understory species). The model rainforest was exposed to a 9.5-week lasting drought. Severe drought was ended with a deep water pulse strongly enriched in <sup>2</sup>H, which allowed us to distinguish between deep and shallow rooting plants, and subsequent rain (natural abundance range of <sup>2</sup>H). We assessed plant physiological responses by leaf water potential, sap flow and high resolution monitoring of leaf gas exchange (concentrations and stable isotopes of H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub>). Thereby, we could derive plant water uptake and leaf water use efficiency (WUE<sub>leaf</sub>) in high temporal resolution, revealing short-term and long-term responses of plant individuals to drought and rewetting. The observed water use strategies of species and plants differed widely. No uniform response in assimilation (A) and transpiration (T) to drought was found for species, resulting in decreasing, relatively constant, or increasing WUE<sub>leaf</sub> across plant individuals. While WUE<sub>leaf</sub> of some plant individuals strongly decreased due to a breakdown in A, others maintained relatively high T and A and thus constant WUE<sub>leaf, </sub>or increased WUE<sub>leaf</sub> by decreasing T while keeping A relatively high. We expect that the observed plant-specific responses in A, T and WUE<sub>leaf</sub> were strongly related to the plant individuals' access to soil water. We assume that plant individuals with constant WUE<sub>leaf</sub> could maintain their leaf gas exchange due to access to water of deeper soil layers, while plants with increasing/decreasing WUE<sub>leaf</sub> mainly depended on shallow soil water and only had limited or no access to deep soil water. We conclude that the observed physiological responses to drought were not only determined by species-specific water use strategies but also by the diverse strategies within species, mainly depending on the plant individuals' size and place of location. Our results highlight the plasticity of water use strategies beyond species-specific strategies and emphasize its importance for species’ survival in face of climate change and increasing drought.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1164
Author(s):  
Roman Gebauer ◽  
Roman Plichta ◽  
Josef Urban ◽  
Daniel Volařík ◽  
Martina Hájíčková

Abstract Spring drought is becoming a frequently occurring stress factor in temperate forests. However, the understanding of tree resistance and resilience to the spring drought remains insufficient. In this study, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings at the early stage of leaf development were moderately and severely drought stressed for 1 month and then subjected to a 2-week recovery period after rewatering. The study aimed to disentangle the complex relationships between leaf gas exchange, vascular anatomy, tree morphology and patterns of biomass allocation. Stomatal conductance decreased by 80 and 85% upon moderate and severe drought stress, respectively, which brought about a decline in net photosynthesis. However, drought did not affect the indices of slow chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating no permanent damage to the light part of the photosynthetic apparatus. Stem hydraulic conductivity decreased by more than 92% at both drought levels. Consequently, the cambial activity of stressed seedlings declined, which led to lower stem biomass, reduced tree ring width and a lower number of vessels in the current tree ring, these latter also with smaller dimensions. In contrast, the petiole structure was not affected, but at the cost of reduced leaf biomass. Root biomass was reduced only by severe drought. After rewatering, the recovery of gas exchange and regrowth of the current tree ring were observed, all delayed by several days and by lower magnitudes in severely stressed seedlings. The reduced stem hydraulic conductivity inhibited the recovery of gas exchange, but xylem function started to recover by regrowth and refilling of embolized vessels. Despite the damage to conductive xylem, no mortality occurred. These results suggest the low resistance but high resilience of European beech to spring drought. Nevertheless, beech resilience could be weakened if the period between drought events is short, as the recovery of severely stressed seedlings took longer than 14 days.


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