PROGRAMMED STIMULATION FOR LONG-TERM TREATMENT AND NON-INVASIVE INVESTIGATION OF RECURRENT TACHYCARDIA

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as urinary urgency with increased daytime frequency and nocturia in the absence of proven infection or any other pathology, usually with or without urgency incontinence. Pharmacotherapy with antimuscarinic drugs is highly effective, but more than 60% of patients discontinue the treatment. Development of mirabegron, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist (β3-AR), has become an expected pharmacotherapy option for the non-invasive treatment of overactive bladder. The available studies show that long-term treatment with 50 mg mirabegron in patients with OAB is associated with reducing the severity of symptoms. Data from clinical trials show that mirabegron provides efficacy similar to antimuscarinic drugs, but with a better tolerance profile.

Download Full-text

Aluminium Bone Deposits in Normal Renal Function Patients after Long-Term Treatment by Plasma Exchange

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139888901201012 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 664-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. Mousson ◽

S.A. Charhon ◽

M. Ammar ◽

M. Accominotti ◽

G. Rifle

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Plasma Exchange ◽

Normal Renal Function ◽

Bone Biopsy ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Normal Range ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Long Term Treatment

The accumulation of aluminium (AI) can cause AI bone deposits, osteomalacia and encephalopathy. As albumin solutions used as replacement fluid in plasma exchange (PE) are contaminated with AI, we studied AI overload in two symptomless patients with normal renal function, treated by long-term plasma exchange (PE). Total AI loading was calculated at 1750 μmol in patient 1 (178 PE sessions) and 2100 μmol in patient 2 (153 PE sessions). Bone biopsy showed AI deposits and low bone formation without osteomalacia in patient 1 and only osteoporosis in patient 2. Plasma AI levels were useless in detecting early AI overload, because the remained in the normal range, even after PE in both patients. Bone biopsy was the best means of recognizing AI intoxication, but cannot be recommended for frequent evaluations. However, the desferrioxamine mobilization test can be proposed as a repetitive non-invasive investigation method.

Download Full-text

Fulgazepam: A Fulgimide-Based Potentiator of GABAA Receptors

10.26434/chemrxiv.9906194 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Rustler ◽

Galyna Maleeva ◽

Alexandre M. J. Gomila ◽

Pau Gorostiza ◽

Piotr Bregestovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Function ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Allosteric Modulators ◽

Design Synthesis ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Benzodiazepine Derivatives ◽

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation

The γ-aminobutyric acid gated chloride channel represents the major mediator of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system and its dysfunction is related to severe diseases like epilepsy and depression, which can be relieved by the application of allosteric modulators. However, the drugs’ potential side-effects limit their application for long-term treatment. Applying light as external stimulus to modify the pharmacophore’s activity, as emerged in the field of photopharmacology, provides a non-invasive tool with high spatial and temporal resolution for the modulation of protein function. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of photochromic fulgimide-based benzodiazepine derivatives as light-controllable potentiators of GABAA receptors (GABAARs). A photocontrolled potentiator of GABAARs (Fulgazepam) has been identified that does not display agonist or antagonist activity and allows manipulating zebrafish larvae swimming.

Download Full-text

The Role of Advanced Imaging in Gout Management

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.811323 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shuangshuang Li ◽

Guanhua Xu ◽

Junyu Liang ◽

Liyan Wan ◽

Heng Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoring Systems ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Urate Crystals

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis where urate crystals deposit in joints and surrounding tissues. With the high prevalence of gout, the standardized and effective treatment of gout is very important, but the long-term treatment effect of gout is not satisfied because of the poor adherence in patients to the medicines. Recently, advanced imaging modalities, including ultrasonography (US), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), attracted more and more attention for their role on gout as intuitive and non-invasive tools for early gout diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effect. This review summarized the role of US, DECT, and MRI in the management of gout from four perspectives: hyperuricemia, gout attacks, chronic gout, and gout complications described the scoring systems currently used to quantify disease severity and discussed the challenges and limitations of using these imaging tools to assess response to the gout treatment.

Download Full-text

Fulgazepam: A Fulgimide-Based Potentiator of GABAA Receptors

10.26434/chemrxiv.9906194.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Rustler ◽

Galyna Maleeva ◽

Alexandre M. J. Gomila ◽

Pau Gorostiza ◽

Piotr Bregestovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Function ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Allosteric Modulators ◽

Design Synthesis ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Benzodiazepine Derivatives ◽

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation

The γ-aminobutyric acid gated chloride channel represents the major mediator of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system and its dysfunction is related to severe diseases like epilepsy and depression, which can be relieved by the application of allosteric modulators. However, the drugs’ potential side-effects limit their application for long-term treatment. Applying light as external stimulus to modify the pharmacophore’s activity, as emerged in the field of photopharmacology, provides a non-invasive tool with high spatial and temporal resolution for the modulation of protein function. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of photochromic fulgimide-based benzodiazepine derivatives as light-controllable potentiators of GABAA receptors (GABAARs). A photocontrolled potentiator of GABAARs (Fulgazepam) has been identified that does not display agonist or antagonist activity and allows manipulating zebrafish larvae swimming.

Download Full-text

Atrial flutter: management

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0519 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 2211-2217

Author(s):

Tilman Maurer ◽

Christine Lemes ◽

Karl-Heinz Kuck

Keyword(s):

Atrial Flutter ◽

Structural Heart Disease ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Surface Ecg ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

The Common ◽

The Right ◽

Electrocardiogram Ecg

Atrial flutter (AFL) is the most common macroreentry tachycardia in patients with and without structural heart disease. In the majority of cases, the arrhythmia is associated with a pre-existing comorbidity such as heart failure or lung disease. AFL refers to an electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern of a regular tachycardia with an atrial rate of more than 240 beats per minute and a lack of an isoelectric baseline between deflections. The most frequent form is termed ‘common’ or ‘typical’ if biphasic waves are present in the inferior leads, resembling a ‘saw-tooth’ pattern. Common AFL is diagnosed in 90% of cases and its mechanism is a macroreentry within the right atrium involving the cavotricuspid isthmus. ‘Atypical’ AFL refers to any ECG flutter morphology different from the common type. While the surface ECG provides a widely available and non-invasive diagnostic tool, a definite diagnosis of the underlying tachycardia mechanism can only be established by invasive electrophysiological testing. Acute management of AFL includes measures for rate control by pharmacological treatment or rhythm control by antiarrhythmic drugs or electrical cardioversion. For long-term treatment, catheter ablation offers a safe, effective, and curative approach for common flutter and is also a treatment option for atypical AFL. Anticoagulation should be initiated according to risk stratification based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score to prevent thromboembolic complications. This chapter provides a detailed overview on the pathophysiology and electrocardiographic characteristics of AFL and discusses the clinical management of the arrhythmia.

Download Full-text