Time course and mechanisms of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness with endurance training in older and young men

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
R.J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Young Men

scholarly journals Speeding of V̇o2 kinetics with endurance training in old and young men is associated with improved matching of local O2 delivery to muscle O2 utilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Murias ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Moderate Intensity

The time course and mechanisms of adjustment of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics (time constant τV̇o2p) were examined during step transitions from 20 W to moderate-intensity cycling in eight older men (O; 68 ± 7 yr) and eight young men (Y; 23 ± 5 yr) before training and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk of endurance training. V̇o2p was measured breath by breath with a volume turbine and a mass spectrometer. Changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HHb]) were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. V̇o2p and Δ[HHb] were modeled with a monoexponential model. Training was performed on a cycle ergometer three times per week for 45 min at ∼70% of peak V̇o2. Pretraining τV̇o2p was greater ( P < 0.05) in O (43 ± 10 s) than Y (34 ± 8 s). τV̇o2p decreased ( P < 0.05) by 3 wk of training in both O (35 ± 9 s) and Y (22 ± 8 s), with no further changes thereafter. The pretraining overall adjustment of Δ[HHb] was faster than τV̇o2p in both O and Y, resulting in Δ[HHb]/V̇o2p displaying an “overshoot” during the transient relative to the subsequent steady-state level. After 3 wk of training the Δ[HHb]/V̇o2p overshoot was attenuated in both O and Y. With further training, this overshoot persisted in O but was eliminated after 6 wk in Y. The training-induced speeding of V̇o2p kinetics in O and Y at 3 wk of training was associated with an improved matching of local O2 delivery to muscle V̇o2 (as represented by a lower Δ[HHb]/V̇o2p). The continued overshoot in Δ[HHb]/V̇o2p in O may reflect a reduced vasodilatory responsiveness that may limit muscle blood flow distribution during the on-transient of exercise.

scholarly journals Unobtrusive Estimation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Daily Activity in Healthy Young Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong Woo Ahn ◽  
Se Hee Hwang ◽  
Chiyul Yoon ◽  
Joonnyong Lee ◽  
Hee Chan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Young Men

Endurance training increases fatty acid turnover, but not fat oxidation, in young men

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 2097-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Friedlander ◽  
Gretchen A. Casazza ◽  
Michael A. Horning ◽  
Anton Usaj ◽  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Total Fat

We examined the effects of exercise intensity and a 10-wk cycle ergometer training program [5 days/wk, 1 h, 75% peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak)] on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) flux, total fat oxidation, and whole body lipolysis in healthy male subjects ( n= 10; age = 25.6 ± 1.0 yr). Two pretraining trials (45 and 65% ofV˙o 2 peak) and two posttraining trials (same absolute workload, 65% of oldV˙o 2 peak; and same relative workload, 65% of newV˙o 2 peak) were performed by using an infusion of [1-13C]palmitate and [1,1,2,3,3-2H]glycerol. An additional nine subjects (age 25.4 ± 0.8 yr) were treated similarly but were infused with [1,1,2,3,3-2H]glycerol and not [1-13C]palmitate. Subjects were studied postabsorptive for 90 min of rest and 1 h of cycling exercise. After training, subjects increasedV˙o 2 peak by 9.4 ± 1.4%. Pretraining, plasma FFA kinetics were inversely related to exercise intensity with rates of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) being significantly higher at 45 than at 65%V˙o 2 peak(Ra: 8.14 ± 1.28 vs. 6.64 ± 0.46, Rd: 8.03 ± 1.28 vs. 6.42 ± 0.41 mol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) ( P ≤ 0.05). After training, when measured at the same absolute and relative intensities, FFA Ra increased to 8.84 ± 1.1, 8.44 ± 1.1 and Rd to 8.82 ± 1.1, 8.35 ± 1.1 mol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, respectively ( P ≤ 0.05). Total fat oxidation determined from respiratory exchange ratio was elevated during exercise compared with rest, but did not differ among the four conditions. Glycerol Ra was elevated during exercise compared with rest but did not demonstrate significant intensity or training effects during exercise. Thus, in young men, plasma FFA flux is increased during exercise after endurance training, but total fat oxidation and whole-body lipolysis are unaffected when measured at the same absolute or relative exercise intensities.

Left ventricular diastolic filling and systolic function of young and older trained and untrained men

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2570-2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Baldi ◽  
Kendra McFarlane ◽  
Helen C. Oxenham ◽  
Gillian A. Whalley ◽  
Helen J. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Inflow Velocity ◽  
Mitral Inflow ◽  
Mitral Annular Velocity ◽  
Mitral Inflow Velocity

Aging is associated with impaired early diastolic filling; however, the effect of endurance training on resting diastolic function in older subjects is unclear. Heart rate and ventricular loading conditions affect mitral inflow velocities measured by Doppler echocardiography; therefore, tissue Doppler imaging of mitral annular velocity, which is relatively preload independent, was combined with mitral inflow velocity and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max) in young (20-35 yr) and older (60-80 yr) trained and untrained men to determine whether endurance training is associated with an attenuation of age-associated changes in diastolic filling. As expected, V̇o2 max was higher in trained men ( P < 0.01) and lower in older men ( P < 0.01). Peak early mitral inflow velocity (E) and early-to-late mitral inflow velocity ratios were lower in older vs. young men ( P < 0.01); however, there was no training effect ( P > 0.05). Peak early mitral annular velocity (E′) was higher and peak late mitral annular velocity (A′) was lower in young vs. older men ( P < 0.01). A significant interaction effect was found for A′, E′/A′, and peak systolic mitral annular velocity (S′). Training was associated with lower A′ in young and higher A′ in older men. S′ was greater in trained vs. untrained older men ( P < 0.05), but it was similar in trained and untrained young men. These findings suggest that early diastolic filling is not affected by training in older men, and the effect of training on A′ and S′ is different in young and older men.

TIME COURSE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY WITH ENDURANCE TRAINING

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson ◽  
G. T. Hammons ◽  
R. K. Conlee ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Time Course

scholarly journals The Time Course of Oxygen Uptake, Aerobic Capacity and Emg during Two Months of Moderate Interval Endurance Training (A Case Study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (91) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Raubaitė ◽  
Neringa Baranauskienė ◽  
Arvydas Stasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Ventilation Threshold

Research  background  and  hypothesis. The  low-moderate-intensity  continuous endurance training improved body composition, aerobic capacity and overall health-related parameters in healthy persons. However, we could not find publications about the effect of moderate interval aerobic endurance training (IET) on body composition,  2 OV&  kinetics, aerobic capacity and EMG parameters. Research aim. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interval endurance training (IET) on oxygen uptake kinetics, aerobic capacity, body composition and EMG parameters. Research methods. A 26-year-old, sedentary obese female (stature – 1.80 m; weight – 99.2 kg; VO 2 max – 37.2 ml/kg -1 /min -1 ) was involved in two-month moderate interval endurance training (IET). The subject performed three training sessions a week separated by one or two days of rest. The initial intensity of training was 90% of the first ventilation threshold (VT1). The VT1 and second ventilation threshold (VT2) ware estimated after completion of incremental running test until exhaustion on a LE 200 CE treadmill (VIASYS, Germany). Research results. We determined that after two months IET subject’ body mass decreased by 10%, the training had an effect on aerobic capacity parameters as well. The running speed at VT1 and VT2 increased by 8.1% and 10.2%  respectively  after  the  two-month  IET  programme. The  heart  rate  (165.9  beats/min -1 )  and  oxygen  uptake (2.583 l/min -1 ) significantly decreased respectively (150.4 beats/min -1 ) (2.285 l/min -1 ) after IET period compared with pre-training testing. To indicate the total muscle activity we measured integrated EMG (iEMG) and root mean square (RMS). We also determined changes on EMG parameters after four, six and eight weeks IET.Discussion and conclusions. Two-month moderate interval endurance training has significant effect on aerobic capacity, anthropometrics, EMG parameters and VO 2  kinetics.Keywords: ventilatory thresholds, maximal oxygen uptake, EMG root mean square.

Time-course Of Increases Of Lkb1, Citrate Synthase, And Hexokinase With Endurance Training In Muscle

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S444
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor ◽  
Jeremy D. Lamb ◽  
Richard W. Hurst ◽  
David G. Chesser ◽  
Seth T. Herway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Citrate Synthase

Effect of aging on the metabolism of phosphorus and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in healthy men

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. E483-E490
Author(s):  
A. A. Portale ◽  
B. P. Halloran ◽  
R. C. Morris ◽  
E. T. Lonergan
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus

We tested the hypothesis that aging alters physiological regulation of the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] by inorganic phosphorus. In seven elderly men [age 71 +/- 1 (SE) yr] and 9 young men (29 +/- 2 yr), dietary phosphorus was first normal, then increased and decreased within its normal range. At each intake of phosphorus, serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D in the elderly did not differ from those in young men, but fasting and 24-h mean serum concentrations of phosphorus were lower in elderly men. With phosphorus restriction, in each group serum 1,25(OH)2D increased by 47%, and 24-h mean serum phosphorus decreased by 0.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl. Serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D varied inversely with 24-h mean serum phosphorus (R= -0.92, P<0.0001). Thus, in healthy elderly men in whom glomerular filtration rate is normal or near normal, serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D increase when dietary phosphorus is restricted; the magnitude of response at steady state is unaffected by aging, but the time course of response is delayed. At any level of serum phosphorus, serum 1,25(OH)2D is lower than that in young men, as reflected by a lower intercept of regression of serum 1,25(OH)2D on 24-h mean phosphorus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document