Evolving and Dissolving Synergies in the Development of Leg Coordination

1989 ◽  
pp. 259-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Leg Coordination

scholarly journals Tardigrades exhibit robust inter-limb coordination across walking speeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine A Nirody ◽  
Lisset A. Duran ◽  
Deborah Johnston ◽  
Daniel J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Locomotor Control ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Fluctuating Environments ◽  
Leg Coordination ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
Walking Speeds

AbstractTardigrades must negotiate heterogeneous, fluctuating environments, and accordingly utilize locomotive strategies capable of dealing with variable terrain. We analyze the kinematics and inter-leg coordination of freely walking tardigrades (species: Hypsibius dujardini). We find that tardigrade walking replicates several key features of walking in insects despite disparities in size, skeleton, and habitat. To test the effect of environmental changes on tardigrade locomotor control circuits, we measure kinematics and inter-leg coordination during walking on two substrates of different stiffnesses. We find that the phase offset between contralateral leg pairs is flexible, while ipsilateral coordination is preserved across environmental conditions. This mirrors similar results in insects and crustaceans. We propose that these functional similarities in walking co-ordination between tardigrades and arthropods is either due to a generalized locomotor control circuit common to panarthropods, or to independent convergence onto an optimal strategy for robust multi-legged control in small animals with simple circuitry. Our results highlight the value of tardigrades as a comparative system towards understanding the mechanisms – neural and/or mechanical – underlying coordination in panarthropod locomotion.

scholarly journals Analysis of Motor Intervention Program on the Development of Gross Motor Skills in Preschoolers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4891
Author(s):  
Cecilia Ruiz-Esteban ◽  
Jaime Terry Andrés ◽  
Inmaculada Méndez ◽  
Ángela Morales
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Psychomotor Tests ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
Leg Coordination ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to investigate the influence of a structured movement activity program on the motor development of children aged three to five years attending preschool. Participants were 136 preschool students with normative development at three to four years old who lived in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The McCarthy Children’s Psychomotricity and Aptitude Scales (MSCA) battery of psychomotor tests was used to evaluate the motor development profiles of preschoolers before and after the intervention. The sample was divided into two groups: an intervention group (28 students) and a comparison group (108 students). A structured 24 week physical education program was used in the intervention group. An experiential program based on free play was used in the comparison group during the same period. Preschoolers in both groups got a significant improvement in the contrast of pre-intervention with post-intervention in limb coordination. Statistically significant differences in the post-intervention measurements between the comparison group and the intervention group on arm and leg coordination were observed, whereby the intervention group presented higher arm coordination values (F1,134 = 14,389, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.097) and higher leg coordination values (F1,134 = 19,281, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.126) than the comparison group. It was pointed out that structured physical activity education is better educational methodology than free play to achieve adequate motor development in preschool children.

scholarly journals How to find home backwards? Locomotion and inter-leg coordination during rearward walking ofCataglyphis fortisdesert ants

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 (14) ◽  
pp. 2110-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Pfeffer ◽  
Verena L. Wahl ◽  
Matthias Wittlinger
Keyword(s):  
Leg Coordination

Arm-Leg Coordination in Flat Breaststroke: A Comparative Study Between Elite and Non-Elite Swimmers

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 787-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Leblanc ◽  
L. Seifert ◽  
L. Baudry ◽  
D. Chollet
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Leg Coordination

Early manifestation of arm–leg coordination during stepping on a surface in human neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina La Scaleia ◽  
Y. Ivanenko ◽  
A. Fabiano ◽  
F. Sylos-Labini ◽  
G. Cappellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leg Coordination ◽  
Human Neonates ◽  
Early Manifestation

Predictive Validity of the MC Carthy Screening Test Based on Wide Range Achievement Test

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1060-1062
Author(s):  
Hubert R. Vance ◽  
Norman Hankins ◽  
Wesley Brown
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
Achievement Testing ◽  
Wide Range Achievement Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leg Coordination ◽  
Wide Range Achievement

The correlations between the McCarthy Screening Test and the Wide Range Achievement Test were assssed for 87 Caucasian first grade children from a semirural school district: 44 boys and 43 girls whose mean age was 62 mo. at screening and 83 mo. at achievement testing. Pearson product-moment correlations were moderate (.53 to .34) between McCarthy Numerical Memory and achievement and negligible (.03 to .16) between the McCarthy Leg Coordination and the achievement. Findings are discussed in relation to Meeker's technique of interpretation.

Regulation of Angular Impulse during Two Forward Translating Tasks

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witaya Mathiyakom ◽  
Jill L. McNitt-Gray ◽  
Rand R. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Impulse Generation ◽  
Biarticular Muscles ◽  
Leg Coordination ◽  
Body Center ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Angular Impulse

Angular impulse generation is dependent on the position of the total body center of mass (CoM) relative to the ground reaction force (GRF) vector during contact with the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine how backward angular impulse was regulated during two forward translating tasks. Control of the relative angle between the CoM and the GRF was hypothesized to be mediated by altering trunk–leg coordination. Eight highly skilled athletes performed a series of standing reverse somersaults and reverse timers. Sagittal plane kinematics, GRF, and electromyograms of lower extremity muscles were acquired during the take-off phase of both tasks. The magnitude of the backward angular impulse generated during the push interval of both tasks was mediated by redirecting the GRF relative to the CoM. During the reverse timer, backward angular impulse generated during the early part of the take-off phase was negated by limiting backward trunk rotation and redirecting the GRF during the push interval. Biarticular muscles crossing the knee and hip coordinated the control of GRF direction and CoM trajectory via modulation of trunk–leg coordination.

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