O.35 T lymphocytes, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and immune response in aged malnourished patients

Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif (CpG ODN) can activate various immune cell subsets and induce production of a number of cytokines. Prior studies have demonstrated that both CpG ODN and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can serve as potent vaccine adjuvants. We used the 38C13 murine lymphoma system to evaluate the immune response to a combination of these two adjuvants. Immunization using antigen, CpG ODN, and soluble GM-CSF enhanced production of antigen-specific antibody and shifted production towards the IgG2a isotype, suggesting an enhanced TH1 response. This effect was most pronounced after repeat immunizations with CpG ODN and antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein. A single immunization with CpG ODN and antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein 3 days before tumor inoculation prevented tumor growth. CpG ODN enhanced the production of interleukin-12 by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules, particularly when cells were pulsed with antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein. We conclude that the use of CpG ODN in combination with strategies involving GM-CSF enhances the immune response to antigen and shifts the response towards a TH1 response and that this approach deserves further evaluation in tumor immunization approaches and other conditions in which an antigen-specific TH1 response is desirable.

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Direct effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on functional properties of human T lymphocytes

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez» ◽

10.25557/2310-0435.2018.04.37-42 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

Н.Д. Газатова ◽

В.В. Малащенко ◽

М.Е. Меняйло ◽

О.Б. Мелащенко ◽

Е.М. Морозова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

High Concentration ◽

Flow Cytofluorometry ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Stimulating Factor

Актуальность. Исследовали прямые эффекты гранулоцит-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора (GM-CSF) человека на функциональную активность субпопуляций T-лимфоцитов. Методы. CD3+ Т-лимфоциты были выделены из крови здоровых доноров методом позитивной магнитной сепарации. T-клетки активировали частицами, конъюгированными с антителами (АТ) к молекулам CD3, СD28 и СD2 человека. Мембранную экспрессию CD3, CD4, СD45RA, СD197, CD25 и CD38 оценивали методом проточной цитофлюорометрии. Содержание интерферона- Результаты. Установлено, что GM-CSF в диапазоне концентраций 0,01-10,0 нг/мл не оказывал существенного влияния на содержание CD25+ клеток, среди активированных Т-лимфоцитов. Вместе с тем, GM-CSF в концентрации 0,1 и 1,0 нг/мл обладал способностью заметно увеличивать содержание CD38+ клеток среди наивных СD45RA+/СD197+ Т-клеток, а также среди СD45RA-/СD197+ Т-клеток центральной памяти, не оказывая при этом существенного влияния на экспрессию CD38, выявляемую среди эффекторных СD45RA-/СD197- и терминально дифференцированных СD45RA+/СD197- эффекторных Т-клеток. В относительно низкой концентрации (0,01 нг/мл) GM-CSF заметно снижал Т-клеточную продукцию INF-γ, тогда как в высокой концентрации (10,0 нг/мл) усиливал продукцию IL-2 и IL-4, снижая при этом выработку IL-10. Заключение. Полученные данные предполагают, что GM-CSF способен поддерживать активацию относительно низкодифференцированных Т-клеток, не оказывая при этом значимого влияния на активацию высоко дифференцированных Т-клеток. Background. We investigated direct effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the functionality of T-lymphocyte subsets. Methods. CD3 + T cells were isolated from the blood of healthy donors by positive magnetic separation. The isolated T cells were activated with particles conjugated with antibodies (Abs) to human CD3, CD28, and CD2 molecules. The membrane expression of CD3, CD4, СD45RA, СD197, CD25, and CD38 was evaluated by flow cytofluorometry. Contents of interferon-γ (IFN- γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 in culture supernatants were determined by the enzyme immunoassay. Results. GM-CSF at 0.01-10.0 ng/ml had no significant effect on the content of CD25+ cells among activated T lymphocytes. At the same time, GM-CSF at 0.1-1.0 ng/ml was able to noticeably increase the content of CD38+ cells among both naive CD45RA+/CD197+ T cells and central memory CD45RA-/CD197+ T cells without affecting the СD38 expression on effector CD45RA- /CD197- and terminally differentiated CD45RA +/ CD197- effector T cells. At a relatively low concentration (0.01 ng/ml), GM-CSF significantly decreased T-cell production of INF-γ whereas at a high concentration (10.0 ng/ml), GM-CSF detectably enhanced the secretion of IL-2 and IL-4 while lowering IL-10 production. Conclusion. The findings suggest that GM-CSF is capable of supporting the activation of relatively low-differentiated T cells without significantly affecting the activation of highly differentiated T cells.

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The repeated sequence CATT(A/T) is required for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter activity

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.10.11.6084-6088.1990 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 6084-6088

Author(s):

S Nimer ◽

J Fraser ◽

J Richards ◽

M Lynch ◽

J Gasson

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Promoter Activity ◽

Repeated Sequence ◽

Inducible Promoter ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Flanking Sequences ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Stimulating Factor

The hematopoietic growth factor GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) is expressed by activated but not resting T lymphocytes. Previously, we localized GM-CSF-inducible promoter activity to a 90-bp region of GM-CSF 5'-flanking sequences extending from bp -53 to +37. To more precisely identify the GM-CSF DNA sequences required for inducible promoter activity in T lymphocytes, we have performed mutagenesis within a region of GM-CSF 5'-flanking sequences (bp -57 to -24) that contains the repeated sequence CATT(A/T). Mutations that do not alter the repeated CATT(A/T) sequence do not eliminate inducible promoter activity, whereas mutation or deletion of either of the CATT(A/T) repeats eliminates all inducible promoter activity in T-cell lines and in primary human T lymphocytes. Thus, both copies of the direct repeat CATT(A/T) are required for mitogen-inducible expression of GM-CSF in T cells.

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The repeated sequence CATT(A/T) is required for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter activity.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.10.11.6084 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 6084-6088 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S Nimer ◽

J Fraser ◽

J Richards ◽

M Lynch ◽

J Gasson

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Promoter Activity ◽

Repeated Sequence ◽

Inducible Promoter ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Flanking Sequences ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Stimulating Factor

The hematopoietic growth factor GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) is expressed by activated but not resting T lymphocytes. Previously, we localized GM-CSF-inducible promoter activity to a 90-bp region of GM-CSF 5'-flanking sequences extending from bp -53 to +37. To more precisely identify the GM-CSF DNA sequences required for inducible promoter activity in T lymphocytes, we have performed mutagenesis within a region of GM-CSF 5'-flanking sequences (bp -57 to -24) that contains the repeated sequence CATT(A/T). Mutations that do not alter the repeated CATT(A/T) sequence do not eliminate inducible promoter activity, whereas mutation or deletion of either of the CATT(A/T) repeats eliminates all inducible promoter activity in T-cell lines and in primary human T lymphocytes. Thus, both copies of the direct repeat CATT(A/T) are required for mitogen-inducible expression of GM-CSF in T cells.

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Precursor frequency analysis of lymphokine-secreting alloreactive T lymphocytes. Dissociation of subsets producing interleukin 2, macrophage-activating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the basis of Lyt-2 phenotype.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.156.5.1366 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 156 (5) ◽

pp. 1366-1379 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

A Kelso ◽

H R Macdonald

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Average Production ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Precursor Frequency ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Almost All ◽

Stimulating Factor

The frequencies of precursors of C57BL/6 T lymphocytes that respond to DBA/2 alloantigens by secreting the lymphokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), macrophage-activating factor (MAF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been directly compared with cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor (CTL-P) frequencies in limiting dilution microcultures established from spleen cells positively or negatively selected on the basis of Lyt-2 phenotype. A clear dichotomy was observed between CTL-P, which were contained in the Lyt-2+ fraction, and precursors of IL-2-secreting cells, which were detected almost exclusively in the Lyt-2- population. In contrast, precursors of cells secreting MAF and GM-CSF were found in both populations: almost all responding cells from the Lyt-2- fraction produced both these factors, whereas the precursor frequency of MAF-secreting and GM-CSF-secreting cells was three- to fourfold lower in the Lyt-2+ population. These frequency data were consistent with quantitative differences observed in the average production of these lymphokines by Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- populations.

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Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance the Immune Response to Vaccine Strategies Involving Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v92.10.3730 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 3730-3736 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Hsin-Ming Liu ◽

Sally E. Newbrough ◽

Sudershan K. Bhatia ◽

Christopher E. Dahle ◽

Arthur M. Krieg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Cpg Odn ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Th1 Response ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Stimulating Factor

Abstract Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif (CpG ODN) can activate various immune cell subsets and induce production of a number of cytokines. Prior studies have demonstrated that both CpG ODN and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can serve as potent vaccine adjuvants. We used the 38C13 murine lymphoma system to evaluate the immune response to a combination of these two adjuvants. Immunization using antigen, CpG ODN, and soluble GM-CSF enhanced production of antigen-specific antibody and shifted production towards the IgG2a isotype, suggesting an enhanced TH1 response. This effect was most pronounced after repeat immunizations with CpG ODN and antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein. A single immunization with CpG ODN and antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein 3 days before tumor inoculation prevented tumor growth. CpG ODN enhanced the production of interleukin-12 by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules, particularly when cells were pulsed with antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein. We conclude that the use of CpG ODN in combination with strategies involving GM-CSF enhances the immune response to antigen and shifts the response towards a TH1 response and that this approach deserves further evaluation in tumor immunization approaches and other conditions in which an antigen-specific TH1 response is desirable.

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>bi/i/b<

10.11606/t.10.2021.tde-18052021-120225 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kamila Reis Santos

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Immune Response ◽

Cellular Immune Response ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Stimulating Factor

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Direct effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on functional features of human T-lymphocytes

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez» ◽

10.25557/2310-0435.2018.02.37-42 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

Н.Д. Газатова ◽

В.В. Малащенко ◽

М.Е. Меняйло ◽

В.А. Шмаров ◽

О.Б. Мелащенко ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Stimulating Factor

Актуальность. Исследовали прямые эффекты гранулоцит-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора (GM-CSF) человека на функциональную активность субпопуляций T-лимфоцитов. Методы. CD3 Т-лимфоциты были выделены из крови здоровых доноров методом позитивной магнитной сепарации. T-клетки активировали частицами, конъюгированными с антителами (АТ) к молекулам CD3, СD28 и СD2 человека. Мембранную экспрессию CD3, СD4, СD45RA, СD197, CD25 и CD38 оценивали методом проточной цитофлюорометрии. Содержание интерферона-g (interferon-g, IFN-g), интерлейкина-2 (interleukin-2, IL-2). IL-4 и IL-10 в культуральных супернатантах определяли иммуноферментным методом. Результаты. Установлено, что GM-CSF в диапазоне концентраций 0,01-10,0 нг/мл не оказывал существенного влияния на содержание CD25 клеток, среди активированных Т-лимфоцитов. Вместе с тем, GM-CSF в концентрации 0,1-1,0 нг/мл обладал способностью заметно увеличивать содержание CD38 клеток среди наивных Т-клеток (СD45RA/СD197), а также среди Т-клеток центральной памяти (СD45RA/СD197), не оказывая при этом существенного влияния на экспрессию CD38, выявляемую среди эффекторных (СD45RA/СD197) и терминально дифференцированных (СD45RA/СD197) эффекторных Т-клеток. В относительно низкой концентрации (0,01 нг/мл) GM-CSF заметно снижал Т-клеточную продукцию INF-g, тогда как в высокой концентрации (10,0 нг/мл) усиливал продукцию IL-2 и IL-4, снижая при этом выработку IL-10. Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют предположить, что прямые эффекты GM-CSF на функциональную активность Т-клетки могут в значительной степени определяться как ее субпопуляционной принадлежностью, так и концентрацией цитокина в клеточном микроокружении. Background. We studied direct effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the function of T-lymphocyte subpopulations. Methods. CD3 T cells were isolated from the blood of healthy donors by positive magnetic separation. Isolated T cells were activated by particles conjugated with antibodies (Abs) to human CD3, CD28, and CD2 molecules. Membrane expression of CD4, СD45RA, СD197, CD25, and CD38 was evaluated by flow cytofluorometry. The contents of interferon-g (IFN-g), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 were determined in culture supernatants by the enzyme immunoassay. Results. GM-CSF at concentrations of 0.01-10.0 ng/ml had no significant impact on the content of CD25 cells among activated T lymphocytes. At the same time, GM-CSF at 0.1-1.0 ng/ml was able to noticeably increase the CD38 cell content among both naive CD45RA/CD197 T cells and central memory CD45RA/CD197 T cells, without significantly influencing the СD38 expression on effector CD45RA/CD197 and terminal-differentiated (CD45RA / CD197 effector T cells. GM-CSF at a relatively low concentration (0.01 ng/ml) significantly decreased T-cell production of INF-g whereas GM-CSF at a high concentration (10.0 ng/ml) detectably enhanced secretion of IL-2 and IL-4 and lowered IL-10 production. Conclusion. The results suggest that direct effects of GM-CSF on the T cell function could be largely determined by both its belonging to a subpopulation and the cytokine concentration in the cell microenvironment.

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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor does not increase the potency or efficacy of a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2005000300005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 150-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Luizinho Caron ◽

Mario C.S. Brum ◽

Mauro P. Moraes ◽

William T. Golde ◽

Clarice Weis Arns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Homologous Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Stimulating Factor

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most feared diseases of livestock worldwide. Vaccination has been a very effective weapon in controlling the disease, however a number of concerns with the current vaccine including the inability of approved diagnostic tests to reliably distinguish vaccinated from infected animals and the need for high containment facilities for vaccine production, have limited its use during outbreaks in countries previously free of the disease. A number of FMD vaccine candidates have been tested and a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector containing the FMDV capsid (P1-2A) and 3C protease coding regions has been shown to completely protect pigs against challenge with the homologous virus (FMDV A12 and A24). An Ad5-P1-2A+3C vaccine for FMDV O1 Campos (Ad5-O1C), however, only induced a low FMDV-specific neutralizing antibody response in swine potency tests. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been successfully used to stimulate the immune response in vaccine formulations against a number of diseases, including HIV, hepatitis C and B. To attempt to improve the FMDV-specific immune response induced by Ad5-O1C, we inoculated swine with Ad5-O1C and an Ad5 vector containing the gene for porcine GM-CSF (pGM-CSF). However, in the conditions used in this trial, pGM-CSF did not improve the immune response to Ad5-O1C and adversely affected the level of protection of swine challenged with homologous FMDV.

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