Effects of attention and semantic relation on event-related potentials in a picture-word naming task

AbstractDuring the past decade, the use of behavioral (e.g. picture/word naming, self-paced reading, eyetracking) and electrophysiological (e.g. event-related potentials) quantitative experimental techniques historically associated with psychology has flourished in linguistics. These techniques are shaping linguistic theories in new ways and it is important to understand how they can contribute to our field. This article focuses on the use of eyetracking, a research methodology that measures eye positions and movements through a device called an eyetracker. In linguistics, eyetracking is generally employed for studying language processing during comprehension and production. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents the benefits of eyetracking for linguistic research. Section 2 explains terminology commonly used in eyetracking studies and discusses issues relevant for stimuli creation and data analysis. Section 3 compares the eyetracker models employed in linguistic studies and provides useful links to obtain further information. Finally, Section 4 summarizes representative eyetracking research on Spanish and Portuguese.

Download Full-text

The development of lateral event-related potentials (ERPs) related to word naming: a four year longitudinal study

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/0028-3932(88)90085-1 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 327-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Robert Licht ◽

Dirk J. Bakker ◽

Albert Kok ◽

Anke Bouma

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Word Naming ◽

Related Potentials

Download Full-text

Event-related Brain Potentials Elicited by Morphological, Homographic, Orthographic, and Semantic Priming

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/089892904323057326 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 598-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Alberto Domínguez ◽

Manuel de Vega ◽

Horacio Barber

Keyword(s):

Morphological Structure ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Semantic Relation ◽

Brain Potentials ◽

Lexical Memory ◽

Morphological Priming ◽

Different Types ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Positive Peak ◽

Orthographic Priming

The morphological structure of words, in terms of their stem morphemes and affixes, could influence word access and representation in lexical memory. Three experiments were carried out to explore the attributes of event-related potentials evoked by different types of priming. Morphological priming, with pairs of words related by their stem (hijo/hija [son/ daughter]), produced a sustained attenuation (and even a tendency to positivity) of the N400 shown by unrelated words across the three experiments. Homographic priming (Experiment 1), using pairs of words with a superficially similar stem, but without morphological or semantic relation (foco/foca [floodlight/seal]), produced an initial attenuation similar to the morphological pairs, but which rapidly tended to form a delayed N400, due to the impossibility of integration. However, orthographic priming (rasa/rana [flat/frog]) in Experiment 2 does not produce attenuation of the N400 but an effect similar to that of unrelated pairs. Experiment 3 shows that synonyms advance more slowly than morphological pairs to meaning coherence, but finally produce a more positive peak around 600 msec.

Download Full-text

Priming of object categorization within and across levels of specificity

Psihologija ◽

10.2298/psi0901027m ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 27-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jasna Martinovic ◽

Thomas Gruber ◽

Matthias Müller

Keyword(s):

Task Switching ◽

Semantic Processing ◽

Time Window ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Naming Task ◽

Object Identification ◽

Early Event ◽

Repetition Effects ◽

Lower Accuracy ◽

Related Potentials

Identification of objects can occur at different levels of specificity. Depending on task and context, an object can be classified at the superordinate level (as an animal), at the basic level (a bird) or at the subordinate level (a sparrow). What are the interactions between these representational levels and do they rely on the same sequential processes that lead to successful object identification? In this electroencephalogram study, a task-switching paradigm (covert naming or living/non-living judgment) was used. Images of objects were repeated either within the same task, or with a switch from a covert naming task to a living or non-living judgment and vice versa. While covert naming accesses entrylevel (basic or subordinate), living/non-living judgments rely on superordinate classification. Our behavioral results demonstrated clear priming effects within both tasks. However, asymmetries were found when task-switching had occurred, with facilitation for covert naming but not for categorization. We also found lower accuracy and early-starting and persistent enhancements of event-related potentials (ERPs) for covert naming, indicating that this task was more difficult and involved more intense perceptual and semantic processing. Perceptual priming was marked by consistent reductions of the ERP component L1 for repeated presentations, both with and without task switching. Additional repetition effects were found in early event-related activity between 150-190 ms (N1) when a repeated image had been named at initial presentation. We conclude that differences in N1 indicate task-related changes in the identification process itself. Such enhancements for covert naming again emerge in a later time window associated with depth of semantic processing. Meanwhile, L1 reflects modulations due to implicit memory of objects. In conclusion, evidence was found for representational overlap; changes in ERP markers started early and revealed cross-task priming at the level of object structure analysis and more intense perceptual and semantic processing for covert naming.

Download Full-text

The influence of clothing pressure exerted by girdle on inhibition ability of young females

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology ◽

10.1108/ijcst-07-2015-0085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 712-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yunjuan Liu ◽

Dongsheng Chen

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Naming Task ◽

The Body ◽

Brain Wave ◽

Content Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Clothing Pressure ◽

Inhibition Ability

Purpose Since it has been regarded as an effective method to evaluate clothing pressure comfort with physiological and psychological techniques the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect on people s inhibition ability caused by the oppression from clothing on the body through event-related potentials (ERPs). A trial application of ERPs technology was made to evaluate clothing pressure comfort and investigate the relationship between some physical indexes of brain wave and clothing pressure. This research would also reveal the influence of clothing pressure on the thinking ability and mental activity of young women. Design/methodology/approach Stroop color-naming task was utilized to test the inhibition ability of participants. In the present research, some components of ERPs (e.g. N1, P2, N2 and N450) and behavioral indexes (RTs, and errors rates) were detected to verify the change of physiology and psychology caused by the pressure imposed by girdle on the body. Findings At behavioral level RTs were slower for the group under pressure rather than pressure-free group with no significant difference in errors rate between the two groups. Based on the early component statistics of ERPs the Stroop effects of both groups were similar. Besides there was no prominent difference in the latencies and amplitudes of N1, P2 and N2 components except the N450 components. The inhibition ability of young women who had worn girdle for 8 hours decreased causing them unable to make a timely response and thus affecting their attentiveness and executive ability. Originality/value This study would clarify that it is feasible to evaluate clothing pressure comfort with ERPs as a physiological technique, and enrich relative methods.

Download Full-text