The fasting heat production and effect of lactation on energy utilisation by dairy cows offered forage-based diets

The metabolisable energy (ME) requirement for maintenance (MEm) has been derived from measurements of fasting heat production (FHP) with non-lactating cattle, with, for example, ARC (1980) using published data on steers to develop equations to calculate the MEm of dairy cattle. Recent studies at this Institute (Yan et al. 1997 a&b) have produced estimates of MEm, through either direct measurement of FHP, or the use of regression techniques for producing animals and concluded that MEm was higher than those in published feeding standards (ARC, 1980; AFRC, 1993). The objective of the present experiments was to explore possible reasons for the differences, such as the effect of cow body condition score (CS) on FHP and the effect of level and type of diet given during the pre-fasting period on FHP.

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The influence of body condition and level of feeding on the heat production of nonpregnant, nonlactating dairy cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200005871 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 205-205

Author(s):

R E Agnew ◽

J W Birnie ◽

F J Gordon ◽

T Yan

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Heat Production ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Basal Metabolism ◽

Maintenance Requirement ◽

Condition Score ◽

Fasting Heat Production

Chowdhury and Ørskov (1994) observed that heat production in sheep was reduced by approximately 10% below that at fasting when the animal was offered one third of the predicted maintenance requirement through intragastric nutrition. These authors also suggested that this indicated a glucose deficient state in the fasted animal, and that as a result the heat production at fasting was artificially raised. In agreement with Ørskov and MacLeod (1990), Chowdhury and Ørskov (1994) further stated that when measuring heat production to estimate basal metabolism animals should have their heat production measured when being offered one third of maintenance rather than fasting, although this was not tested by experiment. Birnie et al., (2000) reported that fasting heat production was influenced by the condition score of the cow. The objectives of this experiment were firstly to investigate the influence of maintenance and sub-maintenance levels of feeding on the observed heat production in nonpregnant, nonlactating dairy cows offered a more normal diet and secondly to further examine the influence of cow condition score on the fasting heat production.

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Effects of Plane of Nutrition on Organ Size and Fasting Heat Production in Pigs

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/112.8.1638 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 112 (8) ◽

pp. 1638-1642 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Ling-Jung Koong ◽

John A. Nienaber ◽

Jerome C. Pekas ◽

Jong-Tseng Yen

Keyword(s):

Heat Production ◽

Organ Size ◽

Fasting Heat Production

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Use of theoretical efficiencies of protein and fat synthesis to calculate energy requirements for growth in pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508047697 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 895-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carl Z. Roux

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evidence ◽

Heat Production ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Regression Estimate ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Body Protein ◽

Approximate Equality ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

The Cost ◽

Fasting Heat Production

From the observation that fasting heat production includes the cost of body protein resynthesis and the evidence that protein resynthesis is included in the regression estimate of protein retention efficiency it is conjectured that the estimate of maintenance from fasting heat production must be conceptually equal to the regression intercept estimate of maintenance plus the cost of body protein resynthesis. Experimental evidence for comparable situations shows an approximate observational equality in agreement with the conjectured conceptual equality. This approximate equality implies that the theoretical (stiochiometric) efficiency of protein synthesis should be used in conjunction with the estimate of maintenance from fasting heat production for the prediction of growth energy requirements. The approximate maintenance equalities suggest furthermore approximate equality of theoretical fat synthesis efficiency and regression fat retention efficiency. This conjecture is also supported by experimental evidence. Some practical nutrition and pig breeding implications of the foregoing conclusions are indicated.

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