Analysis of the neurotrophic effects of GPI-1046 on neuron survival and regeneration in culture and in vivo

The effect of pretreating cell suspensions of embryonic rat ventral mesencephala (VM) with antioxidant combinations on the survival of dopaminergic (DA) neurons was studied in vitro and following transplantation into the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. The in vitro experiments examined the effects of two thiol antioxidants, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and a member of the lazaroid family of 21-aminosteroids, U-83836E, singly and in combination, on survival of DA neurons derived from dissociated E14 rat VM tissue. For in vivo studies, cell suspensions were pretreated with combinations of NAC, GSH, and U-83836E prior to transplanting into 6-OHDA-lesioned rats to investigate whether DA neuron survival could be further improved. NAC, GSH, and U-83836E individually increased DA neuron survival in vitro and a combination of all three resulted in the greatest survival. In vivo, pretreatment with U-83836E alone resulted in a significantly greater reduction in amphetamine-induced rotation 6 weeks postgrafting compared with a control group receiving nontreated graft tissue. This functional effect correlated with a significant improvement in DA neuron survival 6 weeks postgrafting. The thiol combination pretreatment of NAC and GSH, and the triple combination of NAC, GSH, and U-83836E, however, failed to improve both functional recovery and DA neuron survival when compared with the nontreated control grafts.

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Continuous supply of the neurotrophins BDNF and NT‐3 improve chick motor neuron survival in vivo

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.10.003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 389-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Andrew Gibbons ◽

Nigel Wreford ◽

Jacinta Pankhurst ◽

Karen Bailey

Keyword(s):

Motor Neuron ◽

Neuron Survival ◽

Motor Neuron Survival

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Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050287 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

S. Phyllis Steamer ◽

Rosemarie L. Devine

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Arterial Stenosis ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Vascular Effects ◽

Microvascular Changes ◽

Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽

Fission Neutrons ◽

Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

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Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053425 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 142-145

Author(s):

E. J. Kollar

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Basal Lamina ◽

Functional Derivatives ◽

Specific Source ◽

Dental Epithelium ◽

Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

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Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053711 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

M.J. Murphy ◽

R.R. Price ◽

J.C. Sloman

Keyword(s):

Cultured Cells ◽

Human Tumor ◽

Cell Type ◽

Tumor Mass ◽

Initial Cell ◽

Cloning Assay ◽

Human Tumor Cloning ◽

The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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Structural analysis of the photosynthetic membrane from Ectothiorhodospira halochloris

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010007727x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 740-741

Author(s):

H. Engelhardt ◽

R. Guckenberger ◽

W. Baumeister

Keyword(s):

Lattice Structure ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Hexagonal Lattice ◽

Reaction Centre ◽

Photosynthetic Membrane ◽

Rhodopseudomonas Viridis ◽

Photosynthetic Membranes ◽

Ectothiorhodospira Halochloris ◽

Main Components

Bacterial photosynthetic membranes contain, apart from lipids and electron transport components, reaction centre (RC) and light harvesting (LH) polypeptides as the main components. The RC-LH complexes in Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are known since quite seme time to form a hexagonal lattice structure in vivo; hence this membrane attracted the particular attention of electron microscopists. Contrary to previous claims in the literature we found, however, that 2-D periodically organized photosynthetic membranes are not a unique feature of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. At least five bacterial species, all bacteriophyll b - containing, possess membranes with the RC-LH complexes regularly arrayed. All these membranes appear to have a similar lattice structure and fine-morphology. The lattice spacings of the Ectothiorhodospira haloohloris, Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii and Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are close to 13 nm, those of Thiocapsa pfennigii and Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis are slightly smaller (∼12.5 nm).

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