Trans-hemispheric Cortical Plasticity Following Contralateral C7 Nerve Transfer: A Rat Functional MRI Survival Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Jack B. Stephenson ◽  
Rupeng Li ◽  
Ji-Geng Yan ◽  
James Hyde ◽  
Hani S. Matloub
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Survival Study

Cortical Plasticity Following Nerve Transfer in the Upper Extremity

Hand Clinics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri J. Anastakis ◽  
Martijn J.A. Malessy ◽  
Robert Chen ◽  
Karen D. Davis ◽  
David Mikulis
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Nerve Transfer

scholarly journals Distal nerve transfers: a biology-based rationale

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Brown ◽  
Manish N. Shah ◽  
Susan E. Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Nerve Transfers ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Distal Nerve ◽  
And Function

Peripheral nerve injuries can result in devastating numbness and paralysis. Surgical repair strategies have historically focused on restoring the original anatomy with interposition grafts. Distal nerve transfers are becoming a more common strategy in the repair of nerve deficits as these interventions can restore function in months as opposed to more than a year with nerve grafts. The changes that take place over time in the cell body, distal nerve, and target organ after axotomy can compromise the results of traditional graft placement and may at times be better addressed with the use of distal nerve transfers. A carefully devised nerve transfer offers restoration of function with minimal (if any) detectable deficits at the donor site. A new understanding of cortical plasticity along with patient reeducation allow for good return of strength and function after nerve transfer.

scholarly journals Cortical plasticity after brachial plexus injury and repair: a resting-state functional MRI study

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. E14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjaya I. Bhat ◽  
B. Indira Devi ◽  
Komal Bharti ◽  
Rajanikant Panda
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Cognitive Networks

OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to understand the alterations of brain resting-state networks (RSNs) in patients with pan–brachial plexus injury (BPI) before and after surgery, which might provide insight into cortical plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. METHODS Thirty-five patients with left pan-BPI before surgery, 30 patients after surgery, and 25 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). The 30 postoperative patients were subdivided into 2 groups: 14 patients with improvement in muscle power and 16 patients with no improvement in muscle power after surgery. RSNs were extracted using independent component analysis to evaluate connectivity at a significance level of p < 0.05 (familywise error corrected). RESULTS The patients with BPI had lower connectivity in their sensorimotor network (SMN) and salience network (SN) and greater connectivity in their default mode network (DMN) before surgery than the controls. Connectivity of the left supplementary motor cortex in the SMN and medial frontal gyrus and in the anterior cingulate cortex in the SN increased in patients whose muscle power had improved after surgery, whereas no significant changes were noted in the unimproved patients. There was a trend toward reduction in DMN connectivity in all the patients after surgery compared with that in the preoperative patients; however, this result was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the fact that peripheral nerve injury, its management, and successful treatment cause dynamic changes within the brain's RSNs, which includes not only the obvious SMN but also the higher cognitive networks such as the SN and DMN, which indicates brain plasticity and compensatory mechanisms at work.

Long-range plasticity between intact hemispheres after contralateral cervical nerve transfer in humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Tao Zuo ◽  
Xu-Yun Hua ◽  
Yi-Hui Guan ◽  
Wen-Dong Xu ◽  
Jian-Guang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Injured Limb ◽  
Cervical Nerve ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
The Right

Object Peripheral nerve injury in a limb usually causes intrahemispheric functional reorganization of the contralateral motor cortex. Recently, evidence has been emerging for significant interhemispheric cortical plasticity in humans, mostly from studies of direct cortical damage. However, in this study, a long-range interhemispheric plasticity was demonstrated in adults with brachial plexus avulsion injury (BPAI) who had received a contralateral cervical nerve transfer, and this plasticity reversed the BPAI-induced intrahemispheric cortical reorganization. Methods In this study, 8 adult male patients with BPAI were studied using PET scanning. Results The results indicated that the right somatomotor cortices, which may contribute to the control of the injured limb before brachial plexus deafferentation, still played an important role when patients with BPAI tried to move their affected limbs, despite the fact that the contralateral C-7 nerve transfer had been performed and the peripheral output had changed dramatically. Such findings are consistent with the results of the authors' previous animal study. Conclusions The brain may try to restore the control of an injured limb to its original cortex area, and a complicated change of peripheral pathway also can induce long-range interhemispheric cortical reorganization in human motor cortex.

scholarly journals Nerve transfers for severe brachial plexus injuries: a review

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Midha
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Nerve Transfers ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Transfer Procedures

Nerve transfer procedures are increasingly performed for repair of severe brachial plexus injury (BPI), in which the proximal spinal nerve roots have been avulsed from the spinal cord. The procedure essentially involves the coaption of a proximal foreign nerve to the distal denervated nerve to reinnervate the latter by the donated axons. Cortical plasticity appears to play an important physiological role in the functional recovery of the reinnervated muscles. The author describes the general principles governing the successful use of nerve transfers. One major goal of this literature review is to provide a comprehensive survey on the numerous intra- and extraplexal nerves that have been used in transfer procedures to repair the brachial plexus. Thus, an emphasis on clinical outcomes is provided throughout. The second major goal is to discuss the role of candidate nerves for transfers in the surgical management of the common severe brachial plexus problems encountered clinically. It is hoped that this review will provide the treating surgeon with an updated list, indications, and expected outcomes involving nerve transfer operations for severe BPIs.

scholarly journals Nerve transfer helps repair brachial plexus injury by increasing cerebral cortical plasticity

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Gu ◽  
Guixin Sun ◽  
Zuopei Wu ◽  
Xinhong Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Nerve Transfer

Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Klingner ◽  
Stefan Brodoehl ◽  
Gerd F. Volk ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Otto W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

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