The use of inverse phase gas chromatography to study the change of surface energy of amorphous lactose as a function of relative humidity and the processes of collapse and crystallisation

2001 ◽  
Vol 217 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E Newell ◽  
Graham Buckton ◽  
David A Butler ◽  
Frank Thielmann ◽  
Daryl R Williams
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Amorphous Lactose

The volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds of different viability and vigor

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Gorecki ◽  
G. E. Harman ◽  
L. R. Mattick
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Pea seeds var. Kriter were stored aseptically at 92% relative humidity and 30 °C. After 0, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks of storage, viability, vigor, and volatile exudates were determined on sublots of seeds. As storage time increased, vigor, as measured by dehydrogenase activity, growth of embryonic axes, and conductivity decreased. Later, viability also decreased. Imbibing and germinating pea seeds produced ethanol, acetaldehyde, and lesser amounts of methanol. No qualitative differences in volatile exudates were observed from germinating seeds regardless of age or storage condition. Nonaged seeds with highest vigor produced the smallest amounts of volatiles, but with increased aging the quantities of ethanol and acetaldehyde gradually increased. Dry seed produced small quantities of both volatiles. The amount of these compounds produced reached a maximum between 12 and 48 h of germination. Infestation of seed samples with Enterobacter cloacae or Trichoderma harzianum reduced the quantities of these compounds measured. These results indicate that determinations of acetaldehyde and ethanol in the space over germinating seeds by means of gas chromatography may be a useful seed vigor test.

Determination of the Polar and Total Surface Energy Distributions of Particulates by Inverse Gas Chromatography

Langmuir ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyamal C. Das ◽  
Ian Larson ◽  
David A. V. Morton ◽  
Peter J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Inverse Gas Chromatography ◽  
Total Surface Energy ◽  
Energy Distributions

Tar and Nicotine in Cigarette Smoke

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
H C Pillsbury ◽  
C C Bright ◽  
K J O"Connor ◽  
F W Irish
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Filter Holder ◽  
Isopropanol Solution

Abstract Cigarettes were conditioned 24 hr at 75°F and 60% relative humidity prior to being selected and smoked in a random order. Cigarettes were smoked in a Cambridge filter holder on an automatic smoking machine to a pre-determined butt length. TPM wet collection was on a CM113A filter disk and was determined as the net weight gain in the Cambridge filter holder after smoking. The filter pads were extracted with dioxane-isopropanol solution and were analyzed for moisture by gas chromatography. The pads and solvent extracts were steam distilled and the distillate was analyzed spectrophotometrically for nicotine. TPM dry was calculated as TPM wet minus nicotine and water. The coefficient of variation in this method is less than 5% with a 95% confidence level.

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