scholarly journals Pseudonormal or intermediate pattern?**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1796-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong-Yuan Xie ◽  
Mikel D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Pattern

scholarly journals The Roots of Bilingualism in Newborns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Byers-Heinlein ◽  
Tracey C. Burns ◽  
Janet F. Werker
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Intermediate Pattern ◽  
English Monolingual

The first steps toward bilingual language acquisition have already begun at birth. When tested on their preference for English versus Tagalog, newborns whose mothers spoke only English during pregnancy showed a robust preference for English. In contrast, newborns whose mothers spoke both English and Tagalog regularly during pregnancy showed equal preference for both languages. A group of newborns whose mothers had spoken both Chinese and English showed an intermediate pattern of preference for Tagalog over English. Preference for two languages does not suggest confusion between them, however. Study 2 showed that both English monolingual newborns and Tagalog-English bilingual newborns could discriminate English from Tagalog. The same perceptual and learning mechanisms that support acquisition in a monolingual environment thus also naturally support bilingual acquisition.

scholarly journals Precipitation Patterns and Rainfall Erosivity Return Period Under Savanna Conditions in Formosa, Goiás, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Aline Franciel de Andrade ◽  
Roriz Luciano Machado ◽  
Cássia Cristina Rezende ◽  
Elizabete Alves Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Intermediate Pattern

Losses of soil and nutrients affect a large part of agricultural areas in tropical regions, regardless of the level of technology adopted. This study evaluated the physical attributes and erosivity indices associated with rainfall patterns and return periods in the region of Formosa, State of Goiás, Brazil. Using series of pluviographic (2002-2008) and pluviometric (1975-1998) data from a station located at municipality of Formosa, the erosive potential (EI30 and KE>25), rainfall patterns (advanced, intermediate and delayed) and the erosivity associated with the rainfall return periods were determined. The average annual rainfall of the region was 1,391.6 mm with 87.4% of the rains concentrated in October to March. The average annual values of EI30 and KE>25 corresponded to 8,041.6 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1 and 125.7 MJ ha-1 year-1, respectively. The months of the year did not differ based on rainfall pattern. The advanced hydrological pattern had the highest frequency of occurrence, followed by the delayed and intermediate patterns. The highest EI30 and KE>25 indices for individual rainfall seasons occurred under the intermediate and the advanced patterns in February and under the intermediate pattern in October for the index KE>25. The average annual erosivity index (R factor of USLE) (8041.6 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1) is expected to occur at least once every 1.89 years, corresponding to a probability of occurrence of 52.84%. The average annual values of EI30 estimated for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years were 8,230, 10,225, 10,889, 11,222, 11,421 and 11,488 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1, respectively.

Airways impedance during single breaths of foreign gases

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1813-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Oostveen ◽  
R. Peslin ◽  
C. Duvivier ◽  
M. Rotger ◽  
J. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Pressure Oscillations ◽  
Volume Dependence ◽  
Pure Methane ◽  
Large Airways ◽  
Airways Resistance ◽  
Helium Neon ◽  
Viscosity Dependence ◽  
Intermediate Pattern

The changes in airways resistance (Raw) and inertance (Iaw) during single inspirations of pure methane, helium, neon, and ethane at a flow of 0.1 l/s were measured in six healthy subjects by use of a forced-oscillation technique. Raw and Iaw were computed from respiratory transfer impedance obtained at a frequency of 20 Hz by applying pressure oscillations at the chest and measuring flow at the mouth with a bag-in-box system. Compared with the air data, the changes of Iaw after inhalation of 500 ml of gas averaged -41.1% with methane, -82.8% with helium, -25.8% with neon, and +4.8% with ethane. These changes were slightly less than the changes in gas density (-45%, -86%, -31%, and +5%, respectively). The inhaled volumes at which 50% of the changes had occurred (V50) did not differ significantly among gases and were approximately 100 ml. For Raw the data were more noisy than for Iaw; they were discarded in two subjects because of a strong and irreproducible volume dependence in air. Consistent differences were seen between the remaining subjects, one of whom exhibited a predominant viscosity dependence of Raw, one a predominant density dependence, and two an intermediate pattern. V50s were larger for Raw than for Iaw, indicating a more peripheral distribution of Raw. For Raw, V50s were lower with helium than with methane, in agreement with the notion that density-dependent resistance is located mainly in the large airways. The results suggest that some information on the serial distribution of Raw and Iaw may be derived from impedance measurements with foreign gases.

scholarly journals Patterning of Quantum Dots by Dip-Pen and Polymer Pen Nanolithography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soma Biswas ◽  
Falko Brinkmann ◽  
Michael Hirtz ◽  
Harald Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Contact Printing ◽  
Polymer Pen Lithography ◽  
Intermediate Pattern ◽  
Dip Pen Nanolithography

AbstractWe present a direct way of patterning CdSe/ ZnS quantum dots by dip-pen nanolithography and polymer pen lithography. Mixtures of cholesterol and phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine serve as biocompatible carrier inks to facilitate the transfer of quantum dots from the tips to the surface during lithography. While dip-pen nanolithography of quantum dots can be used to achieve higher resolution and smaller pattern features (approximately 1 μm), polymer pen lithography is able to address intermediate pattern scales in the low micrometre range. This allows us to combine the advantages of micro contact printing in large area and massive parallel patterning, with the added flexibility in pattern design inherent in the DPN technique.

scholarly journals Glycyrrhiza uralensis Nodules: Histological and Ultrastructural Organization and Tubulin Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2508
Author(s):  
Anna V. Tsyganova ◽  
Anna B. Kitaeva ◽  
Artemii P. Gorshkov ◽  
Pyotr G. Kusakin ◽  
Alexandra R. Sadovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Indeterminate Nodules ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Cytoskeleton Dynamics ◽  
Intermediate Pattern

Chinese liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC.) is widely used in the food industry and as a medicine. Like other legumes, G. uralensis forms symbiotic nodules. However, the structural organization of G. uralensis nodules is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the histological and ultrastructural organization and dynamics of the tubulin cytoskeleton in various cells from different histological zones of indeterminate nodules formed by two strains of Mesorhizobium sp. The unusual walls of infection threads and formation of multiple symbiosomes with several swollen bacteroids were observed. A large amount of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate accumulated in the bacteroids, while the vacuoles of meristematic and uninfected cells contained drop-shaped osmiophilic inclusions. Immunolocalization of the tubulin cytoskeleton and quantitative analysis of cytoskeletal elements revealed patterns of cortical microtubules in meristematic, infected and uninfected cells, and of endoplasmic microtubules associated with infection structures, typical of indeterminate nodules. The intermediate pattern of endoplasmic microtubules in infected cells was correlated with disordered arrangement of symbiosomes. Thus, analysis of the structural organization of G. uralensis nodules revealed some ancestral features more characteristic of determinate nodules, demonstrating the evolutionary closeness of G. uralensis nodulation to more ancient members of the legume family.

scholarly journals Avaliação do padrão hidroclimático e da erosividade no Sertão de Pernambuco

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Mariana Caroline Gomes de Lima ◽  
Thais Emanuelle Monteiro Dos Santos Souza ◽  
Valéria Sandra de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Santos De Lima ◽  
Josimar Vieira Dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Data Series ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Strategic Information ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Intermediate Pattern

A erosão hídrica é um dos grandes problemas que atingem regiões com potenciais agrícolas e áreas com propensão para deslizamento de terras. A chuva é considerada o fator climático que exerce maior influência no processo erosivo, especialmente nos trópicos por causa da sua distribuição temporal, espacial, características físicas e duração. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o padrão hidrológico e o índice de erosividade  no sertão Pernambucano, visando contribuir com informações estratégicas para gestão agrícola e ambiental na região. Foram utilizados dados pluviométricos horários de 2000 a 2017 localizados no município de Petrolina, disponibilizados pela (APAC). A partir dos dados da precipitação, utilizou-se o aplicativo Climap 3.0 para avaliar os eventos extremos de precipitação e o padrão hidrológico, bem como determinou-se por meio de equações o índice de erosividade para a região. No período analisado os maiores valores da precipitação ocorreram entre os meses de janeiro e abril e identificou-se 8 anos consecutivos de seca na região. Os resultados apontam que houve tendências significativas nas séries de dados, a erosividade foi considerada fraca a moderada em sua maioria, e o padrão hidrológico mais frequente foi o padrão intermediário, resultando uma alta suscetibilidade dos solos da região em sofrer erosão hídrica.Evaluation of hydroclimatic pattern and erosivity Sertão of Pernambuco A B S T R A C T Water erosion is one of major problems affecting regions with agricultural potential and landslide-prone areas. Rain is considered the climatic factor that exerts greatest influence on erosive process, especially in tropics because its temporal, spatial distribution, physical characteristics and duration. This work purpose to determine  hydrological pattern and erosivity index in Pernambucano Sertão,  to contribute with strategic information for agricultural and environmental management in region. Rainfall data from 2000 to 2017 located in city of Petrolina, provided by (APAC) were used. From the rainfall data, the Climap 3.0  was used to evaluate the extreme rainfall events and  hydrological pattern, as well  to determine through equations the erosivity index for  region. During  analyzed period the highest rainfall values occurred between January and April and 8 consecutive years of drought were identified in region. The results indicate that there were significant trends in data series, erosivity was considered weak to moderate mostly, and most frequent hydrological pattern was the intermediate pattern, resulting in high susceptibility of region's soils to water erosion.Keywords: climate variability, hydrological pattern, extreme indexes.

Sex, thrush and bacterial vaginosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
P E Hay ◽  
A Ugwumadu ◽  
J Chowns
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Unprotected Intercourse ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Intermediate Pattern

Summary: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. In some women it shows a relapsing and remitting course with apparently spontaneous onset and resolution. There are intermediate patterns of vaginal flora in which lactobacilli and other species co-exist. We asked women with recurrent BV to prepare vaginal smears daily, and to record symptoms, time of menstruation, sexual activity and use of douches or medication. We Gram-stained the smears and assigned a Nugent score for BV, and noted the presence of candida, pus cells, sperm and blood. Eighteen women collected daily vaginal smears for up to 10 months. Forty months of slides were collected in total. Bacterial vaginosis arose spontaneously on 23 occasions. We saw candida arise 11 times. Bacterial vaginosis appeared after candida on 9 of these 11 episodes. We saw BV regress spontaneously 13 times. Nine of these resolutions occurred within 48 h of unprotected sexual intercourse: BV only arose on one occasion within 48 h of unprotected intercourse. The intermediate pattern was seen for up to 10 days, and occurred as BV began or resolved in some women, and sometimes resolved without developing into BV. Bacterial vaginosis arose most often in the first 7 days of a menstrual cycle, and resolved spontaneously most often in mid-cycle. In women with recurrent BV, BV arises most often around the time of menstruation and resolves spontaneously in mid-cycle. Recurrences often follow an episode of candidiasis, and BV often regresses after unprotected sexual intercourse.

Abnormal Excretion of the Isomers of Urinary Coproporphyrin by Patients with Dubin—Johnson Syndrome in Israel

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ben-Ezzer ◽  
C. Rimington ◽  
M. Shani ◽  
U. Seligsohn ◽  
Ch. Sheba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Isomer Distribution ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Abnormal Pattern ◽  
Urinary Coproporphyrin ◽  
Intermediate Pattern

1. The urinary excretion of isomers I and III of coproporphyrin by fifty-nine patients with Dubin—Johnson syndrome has been examined, and compared with the results obtained for normal control subjects and patients with various types of jaundice. 2. The control subjects (with one exception) excreted less than 45% of the coproporphyrin as isomer I. Fifty-six patients with the Dubin—Johnson syndrome excreted more than 65% isomer I (mode, 87%). In three cases the relative content of isomer I was normal. These exceptional patients differed also in some other characteristics from typical cases of the Dubin—Johnson syndrome. 3. Patients with obstructive jaundice or infectious hepatitis showed an intermediate pattern of the isomer distribution. In Gilbert's disease the isomer pattern was normal (six cases). In Rotor syndrome the relative content of isomer I was increased (three cases). 4. The abnormal urinary excretion of coproporphyrins in the various types of jaundice is probably caused by different mechanisms. In obstructive jaundice and infectious hepatitis the absolute excretion of isomer I is raised and isomer III is normal or elevated. This pattern may be explained by a shift from the biliary to the urinary route of excretion affecting mainly isomer I. On the other hand, in Dubin—Johnson syndrome an increased excretion of isomer I was accompanied by a significant decrease of isomer III excretion in the urine. It is suggested that this abnormal pattern might be a result of a deficiency or inhibition of uroporphyrinogen isomerase (uroporphyrinogen III co-synthetase) in the liver of patients with the Dubin—Johnson syndrome.

Group Ability Composition on World Knowledge Problems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
High Ability ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Unique Information ◽  
Intermediate Pattern ◽  
Social Combination ◽  
Low Ability

This chapter examines group ability composition and social combination processes on world knowledge tasks. On difficult world knowledge tasks, high-ability persons performed better in cooperative groups with other high-ability members than they did alone, and this difference increased with group size. In contrast, low-ability persons did not perform better in cooperative groups with other low-ability members than they did alone, and there was little improvement as group size increased. Low-ability members contributed very little unique information to one another and virtually none to high-ability members. Medium-ability members displayed an intermediate pattern that was more like low-ability than high-ability members. Consequently, the performance of groups of mixed high-ability, medium-ability, and low-ability members was basically proportional to the number of high-ability members: the greater the proportion of high-ability members, the better the group performance.

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