Overview of learning and memory assessments of pharmaceuticals: validation of the Cincinnati water maze and passive avoidance tests

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
W.P. Weisenburger
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Cincinnati Water Maze ◽  
Avoidance Tests

scholarly journals Cognitive-Enhancing Effect ofAronia melanocarpaExtract against Memory Impairment Induced by Scopolamine in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Yong Lee ◽  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Nam Young Kim ◽  
Myong Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Avoidance Tests

Aronia melanocarpa(A. melanocarpa)berriesare a fruit with a marked antioxidant effect. The objective of this study was to confirm the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Moreover, we determined a possible mechanism of the cognitive-enhancing effect involving AChE activity and BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus of mice.A. melanocarpa berriesextract attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in the Morris water maze (79.3 ± 0.8 s of 200 mg/kg and 64.4 ± 10.7 s of 400 mg/kg on day 4) and passive avoidance tests (46.0 ± 41.1 s of 200 mg/kg and 25.6 ± 18.7 s of 400 mg/kg).A. melanocarpa berriesextract reduced the acetylcholinesterase level in the hippocampus of scopolamine-injected mice and increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus. The major compound, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, also reversed memory impairment. These results showed thatA. melanocarpa berriesextract improved memory impairment by inhibiting AChE and increasing BDNF and p-CREB expression, and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside may be responsible for the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract.

scholarly journals Steamed and Fermented Ethanolic Extract fromCodonopsis lanceolataAttenuates Amyloid-β-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Eun-Hye Hong ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Avoidance Tests ◽  
Tof Ms

Codonopsis lanceolata(C. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. We evaluated whether steamed and fermentedC. lanceolata(SFC) extract improves amyloid-β- (Aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effect of SFC extract. Moreover, we investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the hippocampus of mice to determine a possible mechanism for the cognitive-enhancing effect. Saponin compounds in SFC were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). SFC extract ameliorated amyloid-β-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. SFC extract inhibited AChE activity and also significantly increased the level of CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, and ERK activation in hippocampal tissue of amyloid-β-treated mice. Lancemasides A, B, C, D, E, and G and foetidissimoside A compounds present in SFC were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These results indicate that SFC extract improves Aβ-induced memory deficits and that AChE inhibition and CREB/BDNF/ERK expression is important for the effect of the SFC extract. In addition, lancemaside A specifically may be responsible for efficacious effect of SFC.

The effects of dexmedetomidine, an alpha2 agonist, on learning and memory, assessed using passive avoidance and water maze tasks in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sirviö ◽  
P. Riekkinen ◽  
T. Ekonsalo ◽  
R. Lammintausta ◽  
P.J. Riekkinen
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Water Maze

scholarly journals Cognitive-Enhancing Effect of Steamed and FermentedCodonopsis lanceolata: A Behavioral and Biochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Bo-Ra Yun ◽  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Avoidance Tests

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment.Codonopsis lanceolata(C. lanceolata) has been employed clinically for lung inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fermentedC. lanceolata(300, 500, and 800 mg/kg) on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine by using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. To elucidate possible mechanism of cognitive-enhancing activity, we measured acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression in the brain of mice. Administration of fermentedC. lanceolata(800 mg/kg) led to reduced scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. Accordingly, the administration of fermentedC. lanceolatainhibited AchE activity. Interestingly, the level of CREB phosphorylation and BDNF expression in hippocampal tissue of scopolamine-treated mice was significantly increased by the administration of fermentedC. lanceolata. These results indicate that fermentedC. lanceolatacan ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mouse and may be an alternative agent for the treatment of AD.

Effects of Rhodiola rosea extract on passive avoidance tests in rats

Open Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damianka Getova ◽  
Anita Mihaylova
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Avoidance Tests ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Improved Performance

AbstractThe purpose was to evaluate the effects of extract of Rhodiola rosea on learning and memory processes on rats. The two series of experiments were carried out — on naïve rats and on rats with scopolamine-impaired memory. The passive avoidance tests were performed — step-down and step-through. The latency of reactions in seconds was observed in both tests. Naïve rats treated with the extract in showed the prolongation of latency of reaction of both step-down and step-through passive avoidances compared to the controls. Rats with scopolamine-impaired memory showed shorter latency of reaction in both passive avoidance tests compared to the controls. Rats treated with the extract of Rh. Rosea with scopolamine-impaired memory prolonged the latency in both passive avoidance tests compared to scopolamine group. It was found that the extract of Rh. Rosea improved performance during learning session, short and long memory retrieval tests in naïve rats. Scopolamine impaired the learning and memory retrieval of rats, but Rh. Rosea pretreatment improved performance and turned off the deterioration effect of scopolamine on these brain functions probably by non-specific mechanisms on cholinergic neurons. The studied plant extract can be a candidate for treatment of dementia and other memory disturbances.

Effects of Schisandra Polysaccharides on the Learning and Memory Ability in Brain Aging Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1595-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jing Sun ◽  
Shu Jing ◽  
Chun Mei Wang ◽  
Cheng Yi Zhang ◽  
Hong Xia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Passive Avoidance Test ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Avoidance Test ◽  
Mice Brain

This study focused on the improvement of Schisandra polysaccharide on the learning and memory in D-galactose-induced brain aging mice, to lay the foundation for the prevention and treatment of brain aging and related diseases. D-galactose was used to establish a mice brain aging model, Morris water maze and passive avoidance test were used to observe effects of Schisandra polysaccharide on the learning and memory ability of D- galactose-induced brain aging mice. The results showed that Schisandra polysaccharide could prolong the time of target qundrant, increase the number to cross the original platform in the Morris water maze test, and prolong the latency and reduce the number of errors of mice in the passive avoidance test. It is believed that Schisandra polysaccharide could improve the learning and memory ability of mice with brain aging.

scholarly journals Learning and Memory Effects of Neonatal Methamphetamine Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Test of the Role of Dopamine Receptors D1 in Mediating the Long-Term Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Jablonski ◽  
Michael T. Williams ◽  
Charles V. Vorhees
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cincinnati Water Maze ◽  
Locomotor Deficits

Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a worldwide issue that produces health and cognitive effects in the user. MA is abused by some women who then become pregnant and expose their developing child to the drug. Preclinical rodent models demonstrate cognitive deficits following developmental MA exposure, an effect observed in children exposed to MA in utero. To determine if the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) is involved in the learning and memory deficits following MA exposure, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated 4 times daily at 2 h intervals with 0 (saline) or 10 mg/kg of MA from postnatal day (P)6–15, 30 min after 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg SCH23390. Cincinnati water maze testing began on P30, and the high dose of SCH23390 blocked the learning deficits induced by MA with no effect from the lower doses. Morris water maze (MWM) learning deficits following MA were not protected by SCH23390, although there was a non-dose dependent effect in the acquisition phase. Locomotor deficits induced by MA were reversed by all doses of SCH23390. There were no effects of MA on criterion to trial passive avoidance. Taken together, these data show that behaviors that are dependent on the striatum are better protected with the DRD1 antagonist during MA treatment than the hippocampally mediated spatial learning in the MWM. This suggests that multiple mechanisms exist for the deficits induced by neonatal MA administration.

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