Cellular responses to acute injury: The role of the plasma membrane in cell response to two clostridial toxins

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles released from cells that mediate intercellular communications and play a pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes. Subtypes of EVs may include plasma-membrane ectosomes or microvesicles and endosomal-origin exosomes, although functional distinctions remain unclear. EVs carry cargo proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), lipids, and metabolites. By presenting or transferring this cargo to recipient cells, EVs can trigger cellular responses. Here, we summarize what is known about EV biogenesis, composition, and function, with an emphasis on the role of EVs in cardiovascular system. Additionally, we provide an update on the function of EVs in cardiovascular pathophysiology, further highlighting their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

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Nanodomains in early and later phases of FcɛRI signalling

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0570147 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 147-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

David Holowka ◽

Barbara Baird

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Membrane Structure ◽

Molecular Complexes ◽

Cellular Responses ◽

Membrane Domains ◽

Initial Membrane ◽

Signalling Process

Our long-term efforts to elucidate receptor-mediated signalling in immune cells, particularly transmembrane signalling initiated by FcɛRI, the receptor for IgE in mast cells, led us unavoidably to contemplate the role of the heterogeneous plasma membrane. Our early investigations with fluorescence microscopy revealed co-redistribution of certain lipids and signalling components with antigen-cross-linked IgE–FcɛRI and pointed to participation of ordered membrane domains in the signalling process. With a focus on this function, we have worked along with others to develop diverse and increasingly sophisticated tools to analyse the complexity of membrane structure that facilitates regulation and targeting of signalling events. The present chapter describes how initial membrane interactions of clustered IgE–FcɛRI lead to downstream cellular responses and how biochemical information integrated with nanoscale resolution spectroscopy and imaging is providing mechanistic insights at the level of molecular complexes.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Reassessment of the role of plasma membrane domains in the regulation of vesicular traffic in yeast.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.8911958.10009055 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth Sawin

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Membrane Domains ◽

Vesicular Traffic ◽

Plasma Membrane Domains

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Role of Exosomes in the Exchange of Spermatozoa after Leaving the Seminiferous Tubule: A Review

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666200520091511 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 330-338

Author(s):

Luming Wu ◽

Yuan Ding ◽

Shiqiang Han ◽

Yiqing Wang

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Seminiferous Tubule ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Multivesicular Bodies ◽

Extensive Search ◽

Neurological Research ◽

The One

Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment with the plasma membrane. They refer to the intraluminal vesicles released from the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The contents and number of exosomes are related to diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Exosomes have been used in neurological research as a drug delivery tool and also as biomarkers for diseases. Recently, exosomes were observed in the seminal plasma of the one who is asthenozoospermia, which can affect sperm motility and capacitation. Objective: The main objective of this review is to deeply discuss the role of exosomes in spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule. Methods: We conducted an extensive search of the literature available on relationships between exosomes and exosomes in spermatozoa on the bibliographic database. Conclusion: : This review thoroughly discussed the role that exosomes play in the exchange of spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule and its potential as a drug delivery tool and biomarkers for diseases as well.

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