The development of catalytic cracking catalysts: acidic property related catalytic performance

AbstractZeolite morphology is crucial in determining their catalytic activity, selectivity and stability, but quantitative descriptors of such a morphology effect are challenging to define. Here we introduce a descriptor that accounts for the morphology effect in the catalytic performances of H-ZSM-5 zeolite for C4 olefin catalytic cracking. A series of H-ZSM-5 zeolites with similar sheet-like morphology but different c-axis lengths were synthesized. We found that the catalytic activity and stability is improved in samples with longer c-axis. Combining time-resolved in-situ FT-IR spectroscopy with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the difference in catalytic performance can be attributed to the anisotropy of the intracrystalline diffusive propensity of the olefins in different channels. Our descriptor offers mechanistic insight for the design of highly effective zeolite catalysts for olefin cracking.

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Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance study of transport properties of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1016/j.mri.2004.11.016 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 233-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. Kortunov ◽

S. Vasenkov ◽

J. Kärger ◽

M. Fé Elía ◽

M. Perez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Transport Properties ◽

Field Gradient ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study ◽

Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽

Magnetic Resonance Study ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Cracking Catalysts

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Reactivation of the Spent Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) Catalyst through Acid Treatment for Palm Oil Cracking to Biofuels

Teknik ◽

10.14710/teknik.v42i2.39642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 218-225

Author(s):

Rahma Amalia ◽

Teguh Riyanto ◽

Istadi Istadi

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Gasoline Fraction ◽

Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

X Ray ◽

Oil Cracking ◽

The Impact

This work discusses the treated spent Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) catalysts using sulfuric or citric acids to examine the impact of acid treatment on the catalyst physicochemical properties and structural characteristics. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller-Barrett−Joyner−Halenda (BET-BJH) methods. The catalytsts were performed in a continuous fixed-bed reactor for catalytic cracking of palm oil. Changes of the catalyst characteristics and catalytic performance testing of the catalyst after the acid treatment for palm oil cracking process were discussed. It was found that the acid treatment on the spent RFCC catalyst can increase the surface area and pore volume of catalysts as well as the crystallinity. The closed pores in the spent RFCC are opened by acid treatment by eliminating heavy metals. Concerning to the catalytic performance, the acid-treated catalysts had better performance than the non-treated catalyst, which could increase selectivity of the kerosene-diesel range fraction from 47.89% to 55.41%. It was interested, since the non-treated catalyst could not produce gasoline fraction, while the acid-treated catalsysts could produce gasoline fraction at selectivity range of 0.57 – 0.84%. It was suggested that both sulfuric or citric acids treatment could increase the cracking performance of spent RFCC catalyst by shifting the product to lower hydrocarbons.

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Fabrication of the Hierarchical HZSM-5 Membrane with Tunable Mesoporosity for Catalytic Cracking of n-Dodecane

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9020155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 155 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zhenheng Diao ◽

Lushi Cheng ◽

Xu Hou ◽

Di Rong ◽

Yanli Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Swelling Agent ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Hierarchical HZSM-5 membranes were prepared on the inner wall of stainless steel tubes, using amphiphilic organosilane (TPOAC) and mesitylene (TMB) as a meso-porogen and a swelling agent, respectively. The mesoporosity of the HZSM-5 membranes were tailored via formulating the TPOAC/Tetraethylorthosilicate (TPOAC/TEOS) ratio and TMB/TPOAC ratio, in synthesis gel, and the prepared membranes were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption, N2 permeation, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), in situ fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), etc. It was found that the increase of the TPOAC/TEOS ratio promoted a specific surface area and diffusivity of the HZSM-5 membranes, as well as decreased acidity; the increase of the TMB/TPOAC ratios led to an enlargement of the mesopore size and diffusivity of the membranes, but with constant acid properties. The catalytic performance of the prepared HZSM-5 membranes was tested using the catalytic cracking of supercritical n-dodecane (500 °C, 4 MPa) as a model reaction. The hierarchical membrane with the TPOAC/TEOS ratio of 0.1 and TMB/TPOAC ratio of 2, exhibited superior catalytic performances with the highest activity of up to 13% improvement and the lowest deactivation rate (nearly a half), compared with the microporous HZSM-5 membrane, due to the benefits of suitable acidity, together with enhanced diffusivity of n-dodecane and cracking products.

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Tuning of acidity in CeY catalytic cracking catalysts by controlling the migration of Ce in the ion exchange step through valence changes

Journal of Catalysis ◽

10.1016/j.jcat.2015.06.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 329 ◽

pp. 441-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jiangcheng Li ◽

Penghui Zeng ◽

Liang Zhao ◽

Shenyong Ren ◽

Qiaoxia Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Cracking Catalysts

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A DNP-supported solid-state NMR study of carbon species in fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/c7cc00849j ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (28) ◽

pp. 3933-3936 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Deni Mance ◽

Johan van der Zwan ◽

Marjolein E. Z. Velthoen ◽

Florian Meirer ◽

Bert M. Weckhuysen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Solid State Nmr ◽

Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽

Carbon Deposits ◽

Carbon Species ◽

Nmr Study ◽

Nmr Techniques ◽

Cracking Catalysts

Solid-state NMR techniques supported by EPR and SEM-EDX enable spatial speciation of carbon deposits in commercial fluid catalytic cracking catalysts.

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