Summer at-sea distribution of seabirds and marine mammals in polar ecosystems: a comparison between the European Arctic seas and the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude R Joiris
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Polar Ecosystems ◽  
European Arctic

scholarly journals Abundance and Biodiversity of Top Predators - Seabirds and Marine Mammals - in Antarctic Seas

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Amundsen Sea ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Very High

This article concerns the comparison of data collected in different Antarctic seas by the same team, same platform (mainly from the bridge of icebreaking RV Polarstern, 18 m above sea level), and thus the same methodology. Drastic differences were noted, from very high numbers in the Weddell Sea to very low ones in the Amundsen Sea. Biodiversity was low, as reflected by low numbers of species, a few of them representing the vast majority in numbers of individuals: between 85% and 95% of the total.

scholarly journals Low Density of Top Predators (Seabirds and Marine Mammals) in the High Arctic Pack Ice

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude R. Joiris ◽  
Karin Boos ◽  
Diederik D’Hert ◽  
Dominik A. Nachtsheim
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Little Auk ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Pack Ice

The at-sea distribution of top predators, seabirds and marine mammals, was determined in the high Arctic pack ice on board the icebreaker RVPolarsternin July to September 2014. In total, 1,620 transect counts were realised, lasting 30 min each. The five most numerous seabird species represented 74% of the total of 15,150 individuals registered: kittiwakeRissa tridactyla, fulmarFulmarus glacialis, puffinFratercula arctica, Ross’s gullRhodostethia rosea, and little aukAlle alle. Eight cetacean species were tallied for a total of 330 individuals, mainly white-beaked dolphinLagenorhynchus albirostrisand fin whaleBalaenoptera physalus. Five pinniped species were represented by a total of 55 individuals and the polar bearUrsus maritimuswas represented by 12 individuals. Four main geographical zones were identified: from Tromsø to the outer marginal ice zone (OMIZ), the Arctic pack ice (close pack ice, CPI), the end of Lomonosov Ridge off Siberia, and the route off Siberia and northern Norway. Important differences were detected between zones, both in species composition and in individual abundance. Low numbers of species and high proportion of individuals for some of them can be considered to reflect very low biodiversity. Numbers encountered in zones 2 to 4 were very low in comparison with other European Arctic seas. The observed differences showed strong patterns.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCHES OF PINNIPEDS OF BARENTS, WHITE AND KARA SEAS IN 2015–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-214
Author(s):  
N.N. Kavtsevich ◽  
◽  
I.A. Erokhina ◽  
V.N. Svetochev ◽  
O.N. Svetocheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bearded Seal ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Physiological Studies

A brief review of the most significant ecological and environmental-physiological studies of three species of true seals living in the arctic seas is presented. The results were obtained on the basis of the analysis of materials from the expeditions of Marine Mammals Laboratory in the Barents, White and Kara seas in 2015–2019. Special attention is paid to the application of satellite telemetry as well as hematological,biochemical, cytochemical methods in the study of harp seal, ringed seal, bearded seal.

Size structure of Themisto abyssorum Boeck and Themisto libellula (Mandt) populations in European Arctic seas

Polar Biology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koszteyn ◽  
S. Timofeev ◽  
J. M. Węsławski ◽  
B. Malinga
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Themisto Libellula ◽  
European Arctic

ICEWISE: A game to test the effects of sea ice forecast reliability on voyage planners’ confidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berill Blair ◽  
Malte Muller ◽  
Cyril Palerme ◽  
Rayne Blair ◽  
David Crookall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Participatory Simulation ◽  
European Arctic

<p>A group of scientists in a multi-national consortium have worked together to improve climate services for maritime actors in Arctic waters. The consortium under the project Enhancing the Saliency of climate services for marine mobility Sectors in European Arctic Seas (SALIENSEAS) running 2017-2020, has aimed to coproduce improved (sub)seasonal sea ice forecast and iceberg detection services. The project involved metservice experts and end users to collaboratively explore ways in which forecast services can reduce uncertainties for stakeholders.</p><p>However, direct questioning about perceived risks and uncertainties during operations do not always lend themselves well to traditional inquiries such as self-report surveys. Stakeholders can and do experience difficulty accurately recalling and rating past perceptions and connecting them to varying environmental conditions. As an alternative, experiential approaches such as participatory simulation are able to furnish a reliable environment that facilitates replication, experimenting and learning.</p><p>We present a novel approach with which to explore effects from the reliability of sub-seasonal sea ice forecasts on the user’s perception of uncertainties. Our methods combine anticipatory methods through the use of scenarios with participatory simulation in a computerized simulation/game called ICEWISE. In our paper we will:</p><ul><li>introduce the game and the newly developed seasonal sea ice forecast</li> <li>present results from a gaming workshop conducted with experts in Arctic marine operations</li> <li>discuss the role of full and structured debriefing in maximizing the learning that takes place during gaming sessions</li> </ul><p>To conclude, we reflect on the upcoming stages of data collection, which will culminate in an exploratory model. The model will serve to inform sea ice service providers about the potential mediating effects deriving from the reliability of sea ice forecasts on the user’s own perceived confidence in successful voyage planning.   </p>

scholarly journals Benthos Expert Network: Findings and recommendations from the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program’s State of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Report (SAMBR)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Roy ◽  
Lis Lindal Jørgensen ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Martin Blicher ◽  
Nina Denisenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Expert Network

Currently, > 4,000 macro- and megabenthic invertebrate species are known from Arctic seas, representing the majority of marine faunal diversity in this region. This estimate is expected to increase with future studies. Benthic invertebrates are important ecosystem components as food for fishes, marine mammals, seabirds and humans. The Benthos Expert Network of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) aggregated and reviewed information on the population status and trends of macro- and megabenthic invertebrates across eight Arctic Marine Areas as well as the state of current monitoring efforts for these communities. Drivers are affecting benthic communities on a variety of scales, ranging from pan-Arctic (related to climate change, such as warming, ice decline and acidification) to regional or local scales (such as trawling, river/glacier discharge, and invasive species). Long-term benthic monitoring efforts have largely focused on macro- and megabenthic communities of the Chukchi and Barents Seas. Recently, they are increasing in waters off Greenland and Iceland, as well as in the Canadian Arctic and the Norwegian Sea. All other Arctic Marine Areas are lacking long-term monitoring. The presentation will summarize current level of knowledge and monitoring across the Arctic, drivers of observed trends, and knowledge and monitoring gaps.

scholarly journals Benthos Expert Network: Findings and recommendations from the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program’s State of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Report (SAMBR)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Roy ◽  
Lis Lindal Jørgensen ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Martin Blicher ◽  
Nina Denisenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Expert Network

Currently, > 4,000 macro- and megabenthic invertebrate species are known from Arctic seas, representing the majority of marine faunal diversity in this region. This estimate is expected to increase with future studies. Benthic invertebrates are important ecosystem components as food for fishes, marine mammals, seabirds and humans. The Benthos Expert Network of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) aggregated and reviewed information on the population status and trends of macro- and megabenthic invertebrates across eight Arctic Marine Areas as well as the state of current monitoring efforts for these communities. Drivers are affecting benthic communities on a variety of scales, ranging from pan-Arctic (related to climate change, such as warming, ice decline and acidification) to regional or local scales (such as trawling, river/glacier discharge, and invasive species). Long-term benthic monitoring efforts have largely focused on macro- and megabenthic communities of the Chukchi and Barents Seas. Recently, they are increasing in waters off Greenland and Iceland, as well as in the Canadian Arctic and the Norwegian Sea. All other Arctic Marine Areas are lacking long-term monitoring. The presentation will summarize current level of knowledge and monitoring across the Arctic, drivers of observed trends, and knowledge and monitoring gaps.

scholarly journals An integrated compilation of data sources for the development of a marine protected area in the Weddell Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1003-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Teschke ◽  
Hendrik Pehlke ◽  
Volker Siegel ◽  
Horst Bornemann ◽  
Rainer Knust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Data Layer

Abstract. The Southern Ocean may contribute a considerable amount to the proposed global network of marine protected areas (MPAs) that should cover about 10 % of the world's oceans in 2020. In the Antarctic, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is responsible for this task, and currently Germany leads a corresponding scientific evaluation of the wider Weddell Sea region. Compared to other marine regions within the Southern Ocean, the Weddell Sea is exceptionally well investigated. A tremendous amount of data and information has been produced over the last 4 decades. Here, we give a systematic overview of all data sources collected in the context of the Weddell Sea MPA planning process. The compilation of data sources is comprised of data produced by scientists and institutions from more than 20 countries that were either available within our institutes, downloaded via data portals or transcribed from the literature. It is the first compilation for this area that includes abiotic data, such as bathymetry and sea ice, and ecological data from zooplankton, zoobenthos, fish, birds and marine mammals. All data layer products based on this huge compilation of environmental and ecological data are available from the data publisher PANGAEA via the six persistent identifiers at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899595 (Pehlke and Teschke, 2019), https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899667 (Teschke et al., 2019a), https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899645 (Teschke et al., 2019b), https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899591 (Teschke et al., 2019c), https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899520 (Pehlke et al., 2019a) and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899619 (Pehlke et al., 2019b). This compilation of data sources including the final data layer products will serve future research and monitoring well beyond the current MPA development process.

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