Potential role of dietary flavonoids in reducing microvascular endothelium vulnerability to oxidative and inflammatory insults ☆ ☆Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.

Dietary flavonoids stimulate autophagy and prevent liver dysfunction, but the upstream signaling pathways triggered by these compounds are not well understood. Certain polyphenols bind directly to NRH-quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) and inhibit its activity. NQO2 is highly expressed in the liver, where it participates in quinone metabolism, but recent evidence indicates that it may also play a role in the regulation of oxidative stress and autophagy. Here, we addressed a potential role of NQO2 in autophagy induction by flavonoids. The pro-autophagic activity of seven flavonoid aglycons correlated perfectly with their ability to inhibit NQO2 activity, and flavones such as apigenin and luteolin showed the strongest activity in all assays. The silencing of NQO2 strongly reduced flavone-induced autophagic flux, although it increased basal LC3-II levels in HepG2 cells. Both flavones induced AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, while its reduction by AMPK beta (PRKAB1) silencing inhibited flavone-induced autophagy. Interestingly, the depletion of NQO2 levels by siRNA increased the basal AMPK phosphorylation but abrogated its further increase by apigenin. Thus, NQO2 contributes to the negative regulation of AMPK activity and autophagy, while its targeting by flavones releases pro-autophagic signals. These findings imply that NQO2 works as a flavone receptor mediating autophagy and may contribute to other hepatic effects of flavonoids.

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Lactation | Galactopoiesis, Effect of Treatment11Mention of a trade name or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the United States Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval to the exclusion of others not mentioned. with Bovine Somatotropin

Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-374407-4.00253-3 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

A.V. Capuco ◽

R.M. Akers

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Bovine Somatotropin ◽

United States Department ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

States Department ◽

Trade Name ◽

Proprietary Product

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Coproducing Science to Inform Working Lands: The Next Frontier in Nature Conservation

BioScience ◽

10.1093/biosci/biz144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David E Naugle ◽

Brady W Allred ◽

Matthew O Jones ◽

Dirac Twidwell ◽

Jeremy D Maestas

Keyword(s):

Policy Decision ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Sagebrush Ecosystem ◽

Emerging Trends ◽

The Us ◽

Five Elements ◽

Working Lands ◽

Traditional Approaches ◽

Privately Owned

Abstract Conservationists are increasingly convinced that coproduction of science enhances its utility in policy, decision-making, and practice. Concomitant is a renewed reliance on privately owned working lands to sustain nature and people. We propose a coupling of these emerging trends as a better recipe for conservation. To illustrate this, we present five elements of coproduction, contrast how they differ from traditional approaches, and describe the role of scientists in successful partnerships. Readers will find coproduction more demanding than the loading dock approach to science delivery but will also find greater rewards, relevance, and impact. Because coproduction is novel and examples of it are rare, we draw on our roles as scientists within the US Department of Agriculture–led Sage Grouse Initiative, North America's largest effort to conserve the sagebrush ecosystem. As coproduction and working lands evolve, traditional approaches will be replaced in order to more holistically meet the needs of nature and people.

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