ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bovine somatotropin (bST) on fetal and placental development during the first third of gestation in beef heifers. Angus heifers (n = 97) were randomly assigned to either receive a 500 mg injection of bST (BST) biweekly on d 0, 15, 29, 43, and 57 of gestation, or not receive bST (CTL) throughout the experiment. Body weight (BW) was assessed on d -9, -3, 0, 15, 22, 29, 43, 50, 57, 64, and 77, while blood samples were collected on d 0, 22, 50, and 64. Pregnancy status was determined via transrectal ultrasonography on d 29 and 64. A subset of pregnant heifers (BST, n = 7; CTL, n = 5) were harvested on d 84 and complete gravid reproductive tracts and liver tissue were collected for analysis. Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), 2C (CYP2C), 3A (CYP3A), and uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities were determined. Mean change in BW and average daily gain of heifers between fixed-time artificial insemination (d 0) and d 77 did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.05). Mean concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were greater (P < 0.001) in BST (347 ± 27.7 ng/mL) compared to CTL (135 ± 32.8 ng/mL) heifers. Mean placental weight, fetal membrane weight, uterine weight, ovarian and corpus luteum (CL) weights, as well as fetal morphometric data did not differ (P ≥ 0.05) between treatments. However, BST heifers had greater (P = 0.03) quantities of combined fetal fluid compared to CTL (521.6 ± 22.9 g vs. 429.6 ± 27.14 g, respectively). Tendencies were observed for BST heifers to have reproductive tracts with fewer placentomes (P = 0.08) and fetuses with greater umbilical diameters (P = 0.09) compared to CTL. Activity of CYP1A did not differ (P ≥ 0.05) within maternal and fetal liver, caruncle, cotyledon, or CL tissue samples between treatments. Furthermore, CYP3A activity was only observed in maternal liver samples and was not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.05). Interestingly, CYP2C activity was greater (P = 0.01) in the liver of BST vs. CTL heifers, and UGT activity was greater (P = 0.02) in the CL from BST heifers compared to CTL. In conclusion, administration of bST during the first third of gestation increased plasma concentrations of IGF-1, which resulted in an increase in fetal fluid, decrease in placentome number, and greater umbilical diameter, but failed to alter fetal development.