Femoral anteversion influences vastus medialis and gluteus medius EMG amplitude: composite hip abductor EMG amplitude ratios during isometric combined hip abduction-external rotation

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nyland ◽  
S. Kuzemchek ◽  
M. Parks ◽  
D.N.M. Caborn
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Femoral Anteversion ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Amplitude Ratios ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Abductor

scholarly journals Hip Muscle Activity During 3 Side-Lying Hip-Strengthening Exercises in Distance Runners

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. McBeth ◽  
Jennifer E. Earl-Boehm ◽  
Stephen C. Cobb ◽  
Wendy E. Huddleston
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Strengthening

Context: Lower extremity overuse injuries are associated with gluteus medius (GMed) weakness. Understanding the activation of muscles about the hip during strengthening exercises is important for rehabilitation. Objective: To compare the electromyographic activity produced by the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), anterior hip flexors (AHF), and gluteus maximus (GMax) during 3 hip-strengthening exercises: hip abduction (ABD), hip abduction with external rotation (ABD-ER), and clamshell (CLAM) exercises. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty healthy runners (9 men, 11 women; age = 25.45 ± 5.80 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.07 m, mass = 64.43 ± 7.75 kg) participated. Intervention(s): A weight equal to 5% body mass was affixed to the ankle for the ABD and ABD-ER exercises, and an equivalent load was affixed for the CLAM exercise. A pressure biofeedback unit was placed beneath the trunk to provide positional feedback. Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface electromyography (root mean square normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction) was recorded over the GMed, TFL, AHF, and GMax. Results: Three 1-way, repeated-measures analyses of variance indicated differences for muscle activity among the ABD (F3,57 = 25.903, P<.001), ABD-ER (F3,57 = 10.458, P<.001), and CLAM (F3,57 = 4.640, P=.006) exercises. For the ABD exercise, the GMed (70.1 ± 29.9%), TFL (54.3 ± 19.1%), and AHF (28.2 ± 21.5%) differed in muscle activity. The GMax (25.3 ± 24.6%) was less active than the GMed and TFL but was not different from the AHF. For the ABD-ER exercise, the TFL (70.9 ± 17.2%) was more active than the AHF (54.3 ± 24.8%), GMed (53.03 ± 28.4%), and GMax (31.7 ± 24.1 %). For the CLAM exercise, the AHF (54.2 ± 25.2%) was more active than the TFL (34.4 ± 20.1%) and GMed (32.6 ± 16.9%) but was not different from the GMax (34.2 ± 24.8%). Conclusions: The ABD exercise is preferred if targeted activation of the GMed is a goal. Activation of the other muscles in the ABD-ER and CLAM exercises exceeded that of GMed, which might indicate the exercises are less appropriate when the primary goal is the GMed activation and strengthening.

Gluteus Medius Activity during 3 Variations of Isometric Single-Leg Stance

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Earl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Extremity Motion ◽  
Hip Rotation

Context:Gluteus medius (GM) contraction during single-leg stance prevents the contralateral pelvis from “dropping,” providing stability for lower extremity motion.Objective:To determine which combination of hip rotation and abduction exercise results in the greatest activity of the GM and whether the GM responds to increased loads in these exercises.Design and Setting:Repeated measures, laboratory.Subjects:20 healthy volunteers.Interventions:Resistance (2.26 and 4.53 kg) was provided to 3 variations of a single-leg-stance exercise: hip abduction only, abduction-internal rotation (ABD-IR), and abduction-external rotation.Measurements:Muscle activity was recorded from the anterior and middle portions of the GM using surface electromyography.Results:ABD-IR produced the most activity in the anterior and middle sections of the GM muscle. The 4.53-kg load produced significantly more activity than the 2.26-kg load (P< .05).Conclusions:The GM is most active when performing abduction and internal rotation of the hip. This information could be used to develop GM-strengthening exercises.

scholarly journals Quantitative MRI of Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis and Gluteus Medius Muscle Workload after Squat Exercise: Comparison Between Squatting with Hip Adduction and Hip Abduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Baffa ◽  
Lilian Felicio ◽  
Marcelo Saad ◽  
Marcello Nogueira-Barbosa ◽  
Antonio Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hip Abduction

Quantitative MRI of Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis and Gluteus Medius Muscle Workload after Squat Exercise: Comparison Between Squatting with Hip Adduction and Hip AbductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the use MRI to quantify the workload of gluteus medius (GM), vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in different types of squat exercises. Fourteen female volunteers were evaluated, average age of 22 ± 2 years, sedentary, without clinical symptoms, and without history of previous lower limb injuries. Quantitative MRI was used to analyze VM, VL and GM muscles before and after squat exercise, squat associated with isometric hip adduction and squat associated with isometric hip abduction. Multi echo images were acquired to calculate the transversal relaxation times (T2) before and after exercise. Mixed Effects Model statistical analysis was used to compare images before and after the exercise (ΔT2) to normalize the variability between subjects. Imaging post processing was performed in Matlab software. GM muscle was the least active during the squat associated with isometric hip adduction and VM the least active during the squat associated with isometric hip abduction, while VL was the most active during squat associated with isometric hip adduction. Our data suggests that isometric hip adduction during the squat does not increase the workload of VM, but decreases the GM muscle workload. Squat associated with isometric hip abduction does not increase VL workload.

scholarly journals Effects of task and hip-abductor fatigue on lower limb alignment and muscle activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rabello ◽  
Camila Nodari ◽  
Felipe Scudiero ◽  
Iury Borges ◽  
Luan Fitarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Limb Alignment ◽  
Lower Limb Alignment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Abductor

Abstract Purpose Fatigue-induced hip-abductor weakness may exacerbate lower-limb misalignments during different dynamic single-leg tasks. We sought to evaluate the effects of fatigue and task on lower limb kinematics and muscle activation and to find associations between measurements obtained in two tasks. Methods One-group pretest–posttest design. Seventeen healthy adults (9 W) performed the single-leg squat (SLSQUAT) and the single-leg hop (SLHOP) before and after a hip-abduction fatigue protocol. Hip adduction, knee frontal plane projection angle (knee FPPA) and heel inversion displacement were measured during the eccentric phase of the SLSQUAT and the SLHOP, as well as activation of the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), peroneus longus (PER) and tibialis anterior (TA). Moments and tasks were compared using a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA. Correlation between tasks was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation. Results No differences in kinematics or activation were found between moments. Hip-adduction displacement (P = 0.005), GMed (P = 0.008) and PER (P = 0.037) activation were higher during SLSQUAT, while TA activation was higher during SLHOP (P < 0.001). No differences were found between tasks in knee FPPA and heel inversion. Hip-adduction and knee FPPA were not correlated between tasks, while ankle inversion displacement was positively correlated (rs = 0.524–0.746). Conclusion Different characteristics of SLSQUAT (slower and deeper) seem to have led to increased hip adduction displacement, GMed, and PER activation and decreased TA activation, likely due to higher balance requirements. However, hip-abductor fatigue didn’t influence lower-limb alignment during the tasks. Finally, evaluations should be performed with different single-leg tasks since they don’t give the same lower-limb alignment information.

Effects of Hip Abduction Fatigue on Trunk and Shoulder Kinematics During Throwing and Passive Hip Rotational Range of Motion

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen D. Oliver ◽  
Jessica K. Washington ◽  
Sarah S. Gascon ◽  
Hillary A. Plummer ◽  
Rafael F. Escamilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Overhead Throwing ◽  
Shoulder Kinematics

Context:Hip abductor musculature contributes to the stability of the pelvis, which is needed for efficient energy transfer from the lower-extremity to the upper-extremity during overhead throwing.Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a bilateral hip abduction fatigue protocol on overhead-throwing kinematics and passive hip range of motion.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Controlled laboratory setting.Participants:A convenience sample of 19 collegiate female softball players (20.6 [1.9] y; 169.3 [9.7] cm; 73.2 [11.2] kg).Main Outcome Measures:Repeated hip abduction to fatigue was performed on an isokinetic dynamometer for 3 consecutive days. Trunk and shoulder kinematics during throwing and hip internal and external rotation range of motion were analyzed prior to fatigue on day 1 (prefatigue) and following fatigue on day 3 (postfatigue).Results:Repeated-measures analysis of variances revealed no statistically significant differences in trunk and shoulder kinematics prefatigue and postfatigue. A statistically significant time × side × direction interaction (F2,36 = 5.462,P = .02,) was observed in hip passive range of motion. A decrease in throwing-side hip internal rotation prefatigue to postfatigue (mean difference = −2.284; 95% confidence interval, −4.302 to −0.266;P = .03) was observed.Conclusions:The hip abductor fatigue protocol used in this study did not significantly alter trunk and upper-extremity throwing kinematics. The lack of changes may indicate that fatigue of the hip abductors does not contribute to trunk and shoulder kinematics during throwing or the protocol may not have been sport-specific enough to alter kinematics.

scholarly journals The Activation of Gluteal, Thigh, and Lower Back Muscles in Different Squat Variations Performed by Competitive Bodybuilders: Implications for Resistance Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Coratella ◽  
Gianpaolo Tornatore ◽  
Francesca Caccavale ◽  
Stefano Longo ◽  
Fabio Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Adductor Longus ◽  
Rms Amplitude

The present study investigated the activation of gluteal, thigh, and lower back muscles in different squat variations. Ten male competitive bodybuilders perform back-squat at full (full-BS) or parallel (parallel-BS) depth, using large feet-stance (sumo-BS), and enhancing the feet external rotation (external-rotated-sumo-BS) and front-squat (FS) at 80% 1-RM. The normalized surface electromyographic root-mean-square (sEMG RMS) amplitude of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, adductor longus, longissimus, and iliocostalis was recorded during both the ascending and descending phase of each exercise. During the descending phase, greater sEMG RMS amplitude of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius was found in FS vs. all other exercises (p < 0.05). Additionally, FS elicited iliocostalis more than all other exercises. During the ascending phase, both sumo-BS and external-rotated-sumo-BS showed greater vastus lateralis and adductor longus activation compared to all other exercises (p < 0.05). Moreover, rectus femoris activation was greater in FS compared to full-BS (p < 0.05). No between-exercise difference was found in vastus medialis and longissimus showed no between-exercise difference. FS needs more backward stabilization during the descending phase. Larger feet-stance increases thigh muscles activity, possibly because of their longer length. These findings show how bodybuilders uniquely recruit muscles when performing different squat variations.

Is it appropriate to use external loads during side-lying hip abduction exercise for weakened gluteus medius?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Soo-Jin Nam ◽  
Duck-Won Oh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
External Load ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
External Loads

BACKGROUND: Side-lying hip abduction exercise could be beneficial to improve the neuromuscular control of the hip abductor; however, there has been limited information available to determine the exercise load during the exercise. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of using external loads on the hip abductor muscles during side-lying hip abduction exercises in females with gluteus medius (GM) weakness. METHODS: This study enrolled 24 females with weakness in the GM. Electromyographic (EMG) data of the quadratus lumborum (QL) and GM muscles were recorded during the exercise under three load conditions: no-load, external load-1 (3% of body weight), and external load-2 (5% of body weight). RESULTS: During the exercise, the EMG activities of the QL were significantly different under all three conditions (p< 0.05), with greater activity observed in the external load-2 condition (92.05 ± 65.93% maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) as compared to the others, and in the external load-1 condition (82.47 ± 57.36% MVIC) as compared to the no-load condition (48.94 ± 45.09% MVIC). Furthermore, the GM/QL ratios showed significant differences between no-load (1.78 ± 1.47) and external load-1 conditions (0.93 ± 0.60), and between no-load and external load-2 (0.85 ± 0.45) conditions (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that greater load could be a factor to increase the QL activity during the exercise in females with weakened GM.

Different hip rotations influence hip abductor muscles activity during isometric side-lying hip abduction in subjects with gluteus medius weakness

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-hyun Lee ◽  
Heon-Seock Cynn ◽  
Oh-Yun Kwon ◽  
Chung-Hwi Yi ◽  
Tae-Lim Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Abductor

scholarly journals Effects of Log Rolling Position on Hip Abductor Muscles Activity During Side-Lying Hip Abduction Exercise in Participants with Gluteus Medius Weakness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-min Baik ◽  
Heon-seock Cynn ◽  
Jae-hun Shim ◽  
Ji-hyun Lee ◽  
A-reum Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Abstract Context: Weakness of the gluteus medius and the gluteus maximus is associated with a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. However, activation of synergist muscles that are not targeted should be considered when prescribing side-lying hip abduction (SHA) exercises. Log-rolling positions may affect hip abductors activity during SHA. Objectives: To determine the effects of log-rolling positions on the gluteus medius, the gluteus maximus, and the tensor fasciae latae activity during SHA in participants with gluteus medius weakness. Design: The effects of different log-rolling positions on hip abductor activity during SHA were analyzed by one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Twenty-one participants with gluteus medius weakness were recruited. Interventions: Three types of SHA were performed: SHA in the frontal plane with a neutral position (SHA-neutral), SHA in the frontal plane with an anterior log-rolling position (SHA-anterior rolling), and SHA in the frontal plane with a posterior log-rolling position (SHA-posterior rolling). Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography was used to measure the hip abductor activity. One-way repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to assess the statistical significance of the muscle activity. Results: SHA-anterior rolling showed significantly greater gluteus medius and gluteus maximus activation than SHA-neutral (P = .003 and P &lt; .001, respectively) and SHA-posterior rolling (P &lt; .001 and P &lt; .001, respectively). SHA-neutral showed significantly greater gluteus medius and gluteus maximus activation than SHA-posterior rolling (P &lt; .001 and P = .001, respectively). SHA-anterior rolling showed significantly less tensor fasciae latae activation than SHA-neutral (P &lt; .001) and SHA-posterior rolling (P &lt; .001). SHA-neutral showed significantly less tensor fasciae latae activation than SHA-posterior rolling (P &lt; .001). Conclusion: SHA-anterior rolling may be an effective exercise to increase activation of the gluteus medius and the gluteus maximus while decreasing the tensor fasciae latae in participants with gluteus medius weakness.

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