Optimal Design of Coatings for Mirrors of Gravitational Wave Detectors: Analytic Turbo Solution via Herpin Equivalent Layers

In this paper, an analytical solution to the problem of optimal dielectric coating design of mirrors for gravitational wave detectors is found. The technique used to solve this problem is based on Herpin’s equivalent layers, which provide a simple, constructive, and analytical solution. The performance of the Herpin-type design exceeds that of the periodic design and is almost equal to the performance of the numerical, non-constructive optimized design obtained by brute force. Note that the existence of explicit analytic constructive solutions of a constrained optimization problem is not guaranteed in general, when such a solution is found, we speak of turbo optimal solutions.

Ismar David’s Quest for Original Hebrew Typographic Signs

Ismar David was a prolific calligrapher, type designer, graphic designer, and illustrator who also engaged in architectural design and taught calligraphy. He studied applied arts in Berlin, emigrating to Jerusalem in 1932 and to New York in 1952. From the 1930s to the 1990s, he created a wealth of unique designs, most importantly the David Hebrew typeface family. It was the first comprehensive Hebrew typeface family, comprising nine styles that include a true Hebrew italic style and a monolinear style, equivalent to a Latin sans serif. David Hebrew provides an example of how a research-based design process can help negotiate the tension between old and new, leading to an innovative, well-informed design solution. David not only excelled in his groundbreaking approach to Hebrew type design for existing glyphs, but he went a step further, expanding the character set. After David completed the design of his typeface family in 1954, it was partially cast for machine composition by the Intertype Corporation. During that period, David relocated to New York to pursue his creative career.

International Student Competition on Font and Calligraphy Pangram: Origins, Development, Prospects

The article analyzes the experience of holding the Pangram International Student Competition on Font and Calligraphy in the context of the phenomenon of festivals and competitions that popularize the art of type in the cultural space of Ukraine and the world. The purpose of the article is a retrospective review of the five year existence of the competition, its statistical analysis, results and prospects. This study was carried out in the framework of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of KSADA. Its idea is related to the determination of one of the directions of the Academy’s development in the future. The field of international creative competitions is diverse and constantly evolving. The most famous professional type design competitions are Morisawa Type Design Competition, TDC Typeface Design Competition, GRANSHAN Type Design Competition, where designers present their latest developments in type design. The article dwells on the problem of the implementation of creative ideas of art university students through participation in competitions, creative actions, festivals. It was noted that the practice of announcing such competitions is an example of encouraging young people to be creative, and it is an opportunity to find talented labor potential for organizations. The author examines the features of the main type festivals held in Ukraine in different years, namely: Cyrillic Holiday, Ruthenia, Space of Letters. The state of the research of the problem is analyzed. The author emphasizes that the phenomenon of creative actions, festivals and competitions is insufficiently studied in scientific terms. Although they are widely highlighted by local and regional Internet media as significant events, which demonstrates the interest of society. Special attention is payed to the background, development and transformation of the Pangram competition. The main idea of the competition is to give the opportunity to demonstrate the font ideas of students of art higher education institutions from different countries. The competition also promotes the exchange of experience of font schools in Ukraine and other countries, popularizes the role of calligraphy, type and typography disciplines in higher education institutions. The author highlights such conditions and mechanisms of the competition as topics, nominations and categories, event format, the jury and evaluation criteria, partners, and awards. It was noted that the selected remote format proved to be successful in the global pandemic. At the present stage of the development of the art of font and calligraphy in general and in Ukraine in particular, the student competition is a progressive phenomenon of bringing teaching methods beyond the walls of higher education institutions. The present study is important for understanding the trends in modern type design and calligraphy in terms of the formation of Ukrainian identity and the design culture in general.

Neural Network Based Handwritten Character Recognition

In this paper, an endeavor is made to perceive handwritten characters for English letters in order. The principle point of this task is to plan a master framework for, "HCR(English) utilizing Neural Network". that can viably perceive a specific character of type design utilizing the Artificial Neural Network approach. The handwritten character acknowledgment issue has become the most well-known issue in AI. Handwritten character acknowledgment has been a difficult space of examination, with the execution of Machine Learning we propose a Neural Network based methodology. Acknowledgment, precision rate, execution and execution time are a significant model that will be met by the technique being utilized.

Artistic image in furniture craft

The paper is devoted to the role of wood in the art of furniture. The work traces the typological relationship of certain types of furniture designed in the twentieth century with the prototypes of the XVIII and XIX centuries. The paper argues about the possibilities of the material for creating aesthetically significant furniture samples. The stage in recognizing the new possibilities of technologically processed wood is the furniture by J. Summers, which revealed the possibility of designing a chair from a single sheet of plywood “in one piece” without structural connections. H. Peak, C. Mollino, Ch. R. Eames, S. Yanagi worked in the same direction. Chipboard is the last of the materials discussed in the paper. The appeal to the archaic box-type design was laid in the works by Rietveld, M. Bill, and G. Gugelot. In the wake of the architecture, deconstruction in the furniture design can be seen in the works by F. and W. Campana.

Improving the dimensioning of closed collecting and drainage network of drainage systems

Research relevance. Climatic changes determine the need to ensure a high productivity of drained lands through the use of appropriate adaptive measures for regulating and accumulating moisture in the soil. Therefore, the issue of changing approaches to the creation and operation of water reclamation facilities on drained lands gains relevance. Relevant are also changes in the methodology of projects for drainage systems construction and reconstruction and their optimal design solutions (type, design, systems parameters, and components of their technical elements) in the closed collecting and drainage network. In this case, the closed collecting and drainage network is a key element of the drainage system, which can operate in the drainage and soil moisture regime. Aim of the study is to reveal new approaches to improving the methods of dimensioning the closed collecting and drainage network of drainage systems operating in the regime of drainage and soil moisture, based on justifying the relationship and considering the impact of network efficiency on the efficiency of water regulation on drained lands. Research methods. The analysis and generalization of the existing researches and methods on justification of the type, design, and parameters of the closed collecting and drainage network in the regime of drainage and soil moisture of the drained lands is executed. Systems approach and systems analyses were used to determine the existence of a structural relationship between the operation regime of the closed collecting and drainage network and the water regime of the drained lands. In performing the theoretical research, methods of mathematical modeling of the hydrodynamic structure of turbulent flow in pressure pipes using Navier-Stokes differential equations were applied. To confirm the adequacy of the obtained analytical models, the methods of statistical processing of experimental research results by Nikuradze I., Shevelyov F.O., and Altshul A.D. were used. Research findings and main conclusions. Thus, based on the performed theoretical and experimental research, we have proposed relatively new scientific positions in contrast to the semi-empirical theories for determining the hydrodynamic structure of the flow in the pressure pipe. This allows for dimensioning the entire hydrodynamic structure for all areas of the turbulent flow based on the application of the obtained universal equations. That is, we can construct a distribution profile of the total turbulent kinematic viscosity, averaged velocity, tangential stresses, and angular velocities of fluid particles. Prospects. The presented approach will make it possible to determine the efficiency of flow in drainage pipes and in a closed collecting and drainage network. Also, this approach will further be helpful in improving the methods of designing and dimensioning technological and structural parameters of the network and ensuring the overall technical, technological, economic, and environmental efficiency of drainage systems.

Analysis on the structural type of large-span steel truss bridge specially designed for cables

When the installation of cables and pipelines needs to go across rivers, bridges are usually adopted to support the cables and pipelines for crossing the rivers. The measure can make full use of the space resources and have no effect on the flow pattern of rivers. For this reason, analysis on the structural-type design of a large-span steel truss bridge specially used for cables has been performed. The numerical results indicate that the stayed-cable bridge with steel truss beam and concrete main tower has better performance and improved structural type caparisoned with that of the beam and arch bridges, and the construction of the major beam can be without the temporary support.

Three-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Analysis of a New Type Current Transformer Design for Power Distribution Networks

In recent years, the new type design of current transformer with bushing structure has been widely used in the distribution network system due to its advantages of miniaturization, high mechanical strength, maintenance-free, safety and environmental protection. The internal temperature field distribution is an important characteristic parameter to characterize the thermal insulation and aging performance of the transformer, and the internal temperature field distribution is mainly derived from the joule heat generated by the primary side guide rod after flowing through the current. Since the electric environment is a transient field and the thermal environment changes slowly with time as a steady field under the actual conditions, it is more complex and necessary to study the electrothermal coupling field of current transformer (CT). In this paper, a 3D simulation model of a new type design of current transformer for distribution network based on electric-thermal coupling is established by using finite element method (FEM) software. Considering that the actual thermal conduction process of CT is mainly by conduction, convection and radiation, three different kinds of boundary conditions such as solid heat transfer boundary condition, heat convection boundary condition and surface radiation boundary condition are applied to the CT. Through the model created above, the temperature rise process and the distribution characteristics of temperature gradient of the inner conductor under different current, different ambient temperatures and different core diameters conditions are studied. Meanwhile, the hottest temperature and the maximum temperature gradient difference are calculated. According to this, the position of weak insulation of the transformer is determined. The research results can provide a reference for the factory production of new type design of current transformer.