scholarly journals PMH36 MENTAL HEALTH COSTS INCURRED BY PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER WHO DO NOT RESPOND TO SUCCESSIVE LINES OF TREATMENT

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. A357
Author(s):  
H Svedsater ◽  
B Harrow ◽  
N Wu ◽  
I Ozer-Stillman ◽  
JC Locklear
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mental Health Costs

scholarly journals A machine learning algorithm to differentiate bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder using an online mental health questionnaire and blood biomarker data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Tomasik ◽  
Sung Yeon Sarah Han ◽  
Giles Barton-Owen ◽  
Dan-Mircea Mirea ◽  
Nayra A. Martin-Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Blood Biomarker ◽  
Mental Health Questionnaire ◽  
Biomarker Data

AbstractThe vast personal and economic burden of mood disorders is largely caused by their under- and misdiagnosis, which is associated with ineffective treatment and worsening of outcomes. Here, we aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm, based on an online questionnaire and blood biomarker data, to reduce the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) as major depressive disorder (MDD). Individuals with depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥5) aged 18–45 years were recruited online. After completing a purpose-built online mental health questionnaire, eligible participants provided dried blood spot samples for biomarker analysis and underwent the World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview via telephone, to establish their mental health diagnosis. Extreme Gradient Boosting and nested cross-validation were used to train and validate diagnostic models differentiating BD from MDD in participants who self-reported a current MDD diagnosis. Mean test area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for separating participants with BD diagnosed as MDD (N = 126) from those with correct MDD diagnosis (N = 187) was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86–0.97). Core predictors included elevated mood, grandiosity, talkativeness, recklessness and risky behaviour. Additional validation in participants with no previous mood disorder diagnosis showed AUROCs of 0.89 (0.86–0.91) and 0.90 (0.87–0.91) for separating newly diagnosed BD (N = 98) from MDD (N = 112) and subclinical low mood (N = 120), respectively. Validation in participants with a previous diagnosis of BD (N = 45) demonstrated sensitivity of 0.86 (0.57–0.96). The diagnostic algorithm accurately identified patients with BD in various clinical scenarios, and could help expedite accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment of BD.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role and Potential of Probiotics in the Field of Mental Health: Major Depressive Disorder

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1728
Author(s):  
Dinyadarshini Johnson ◽  
Sivakumar Thurairajasingam ◽  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Kok-Gan Chan ◽  
Learn-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Probiotic Intervention

The field of probiotic has been exponentially expanding over the recent decades with a more therapeutic-centered research. Probiotics mediated microbiota modulation within the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) have been proven to be beneficial in various health domains through pre-clinical and clinical studies. In the context of mental health, although probiotic research is still in its infancy stage, the promising role and potential of probiotics in various mental disorders demonstrated via in-vivo and in-vitro studies have laid a strong foundation for translating preclinical models to humans. The exploration of the therapeutic role and potential of probiotics in major depressive disorder (MDD) is an extremely noteworthy field of research. The possible etio-pathological mechanisms of depression involving inflammation, neurotransmitters, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and epigenetic mechanisms potentially benefit from probiotic intervention. Probiotics, both as an adjunct to antidepressants or a stand-alone intervention, have a beneficial role and potential in mitigating anti-depressive effects, and confers some advantages compared to conventional treatments of depression using anti-depressants.

Intravenous ketamine for rapid treatment of major depressive disorder in the general medical hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e239587
Author(s):  
Siobhan Helen Gee ◽  
Camille Wratten ◽  
Ruth Cairns ◽  
Alastair Santhouse ◽  
David Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Mental Health Settings ◽  
Intravenous Ketamine ◽  
Rapid Treatment

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in general medical settings, and can usually be treated with conventional oral antidepressants. For some patients, however, oral treatment is refused or not possible, and the untreated symptoms can have a significant impact on the treatment of the acute medical problem. Use of intravenous ketamine has been widely reported in mental health settings for the treatment of MDD. We describe use of intravenous ketamine in a general medical hospital for the treatment of MDD in an 83-year-old male patient who refused food, fluid and medical investigations following a stroke.

scholarly journals Do anxiety symptoms predict major depressive disorder in midlife women? The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Mental Health Study (MHS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2593-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Kravitz ◽  
L. L. Schott ◽  
H. Joffe ◽  
J. M. Cyranowski ◽  
J. T. Bromberger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mental Health Study

BackgroundIn women, anxiety symptoms are common and increase during midlife, but little is known about whether these symptoms predict onsets of major depressive disorder (MDD) episodes. We examined whether anxiety symptoms are associated with subsequent episodes of MDD in midlife African-American and Caucasian women, and whether they confer a different risk for first versus recurrent MDD episodes.MethodA longitudinal analysis was conducted using 12 years of data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Mental Health Study (MHS). The baseline sample comprised 425 Caucasian (n = 278) and African American (n = 147) community-dwelling women, aged 46.1 ± 2.5 years. Anxiety symptoms measured annually using a self-report questionnaire were examined in relation to MDD episodes in the subsequent year, assessed with the SCID. Multivariable models were estimated with random effects logistic regression.ResultsHigher anxiety symptoms scores were associated with a significantly higher adjusted odds of developing an episode of MDD at the subsequent annual visit [odds ratio (OR) 1.47, p = 0.01], specifically for a recurrent episode (OR 1.49, p = 0.03) but non-significant for a first episode (OR 1.32, p = 0.27). There were no significant racial effects in the association between anxiety symptoms and subsequent MDD episodes.ConclusionsAnxiety symptoms often precede MDD and may increase the vulnerability of midlife women to depressive episodes, particularly recurrences. Women with anxiety symptoms should be monitored clinically during the ensuing year for the development of an MDD episode.

Early life family disadvantages and major depression in adulthood

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartwin S. Sadowski ◽  
Blanca Ugarte ◽  
Israel Kolvin ◽  
Carole E. Kaplan ◽  
Jacqueline Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quality Of Parenting

BackgroundThere is evidence that exposure to social and family disadvantages in childhood are a risk factor for adult depression.AimsTo explore the effects of multiple adversity in early childhood on adult depression, and the relative effects of the different adversities.MethodThis study utilises data from the Newcastle Thousand Family Study. Information on childhood disadvantages was collected when the participants were 5 years old, and information on mental health was gathered when they were 33 years old. Mental health data were scrutinised blind to the evidence of early disadvantage, and best-estimate diagnoses of major depressive disorder were made according to DSM–III–R criteria.ResultsMultiple family disadvantages in childhood substantially increase the risk of suffering a major depressive disorder in adulthood. Such disadvantages include family or marital relationship instability, a combination of poor mothering and poor physical care, and a combination of dependence on social welfare and overcrowding. For females major depression was linked in particular to the quality of parenting in early life.ConclusionsSocial and family (especially multiple family) disadvantages during childhood predispose individuals to an increased risk of major depression in adulthood.

scholarly journals Multiple measures of depression to enhance validity of major depressive disorder in the UK Biobank

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie P. Glanville ◽  
Jonathan R. I. Coleman ◽  
David M. Howard ◽  
Oliver Pain ◽  
Ken B. Hanscombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Multiple Measures ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mental Health Questionnaire

Background The UK Biobank contains data with varying degrees of reliability and completeness for assessing depression. A third of participants completed a Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ) containing the gold-standard Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) criteria for assessing mental health disorders. Aims To investigate whether multiple observations of depression from sources other than the MHQ can enhance the validity of major depressive disorder (MDD). Method In participants who did not complete the MHQ, we calculated the number of other depression measures endorsed, for example from hospital episode statistics and interview data. We compared cases defined this way with CIDI-defined cases for several estimates: the variance explained by polygenic risk scores (PRS), area under the curve attributable to PRS, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-based heritability and genetic correlations with summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD genome-wide association study. Results The strength of the genetic contribution increased with the number of measures endorsed. For example, SNP-based heritability increased from 7% in participants who endorsed only one measure of depression, to 21% in those who endorsed four or five measures of depression. The strength of the genetic contribution to cases defined by at least two measures approximated that for CIDI-defined cases. Most genetic correlations between UK Biobank and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD study exceeded 0.7, but there was variability between pairwise comparisons. Conclusions Multiple measures of depression can serve as a reliable approximation for case status where the CIDI measure is not available, indicating sample size can be optimised using the entire suite of UK Biobank data.

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