Advanced immunodiagnostic tests for paediatric tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis causes ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The younger the child, the more are the chances of complications and death from the disease. The objective of the study was to find out the association of type of tuberculosis with the treatment outcome of paediatric TB patients registered under RNTCP in Bhopal city.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in all tuberculosis treatment units (TU) of Bhopal city. All paediatric patients in the age group of 0 to 14 years diagnosed as TB and registered under RNTCP and fulfilling inclusion criteria during January 2013 to June 2013 were included in the study. Data regarding paediatric TB patients was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Information was also obtained in two subsequent visits of the patient, one at the end of intensive phase to know the response of treatment and other at the end of the treatment for treatment outcome. The data was analysed on statistical software SPSS vs.20.Results: The present study was conducted on 165 paediatric Tuberculosis patients who were registered for DOTS treatment under RNTCP. Pulmonary TB is common in all the age group of <1 and 1-10 years. Out of 165 paediatric patients,93.33% of patients were treatment completed in which 54.54% were pulmonary cases and 45.45% were extra pulmonary while 4.84% were declared cured, thus showing statistically significant association (X2=9.758 and p=0.04, df=4) between type of Tuberculosis and treatment outcome.Conclusions: Pulmonary TB is common in the age groups of <1 and 1-10 years while in 11-14 years of age group extra pulmonary TB is more common. There is statistically significant association between type of Tuberculosis and treatment outcome.

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Current Prevalence and Treatment Outcome of Paediatric Tuberculosis in a South Indian District - A 2 Year Retrospective Observational Study

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (25) ◽

pp. 2229-2234

Author(s):

Praveen Deen Kumar Namala ◽

Praveena Basireddy

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Favourable Outcome ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Control Programs ◽

South Indian ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern ◽

Paediatric Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND Knowledge about the diagnosis and the treatment outcome of paediatric tuberculosis is very much essential for functioning of tuberculosis (TB) control programs in most countries like India. The current study was done to determine the prevalence of paediatric tuberculosis, different modalities used for diagnosis, drug resistance pattern, HIV-TB co-infection rate and treatment outcome. METHODS A 2-year retrospective study was done among all registered paediatric tuberculosis cases aged 18 years and below, who were diagnosed during the period January 2018 to December 2019. Data was extracted from the files and was analysed. RESULTS The prevalence of paediatric tuberculosis was found to be 0.51 per 1000 population. The proportion of paediatric tuberculosis among total TB cases was 5.9 %. Among 14,596 total TB cases registered at District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC) Anantapuramu, 867 (5.9 %) were paediatric TB cases, with a mean age of 12.5 ± 5.6 years. 62 % of the cases were above 12 years of age. Males (47.4 %) and females (52.6 %) were almost equally distributed (P > 0.05). 343 (39.6 %) cases were microbiologically confirmed TB and 524 (60.4 %) cases were clinically diagnosed TB. Drug resistance was found in 47 (13.7 %) of the 343 microbiologically confirmed TB cases. Of the total 867 paediatric TB cases studied, pulmonary type (56 %) was predominant than extra pulmonary type (44 %) (P < 0.05). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co infection was found in 24 (2.8 %) cases. 423 cases (65.5 %) successfully completed the treatment and 173 cases (26.8 %) were cured adding to a favourable outcome of 92.3 %. 3 (0.5 %) cases had treatment failure, 35 (5.4 %) were defaulters and 12 (1.8 %) cases died during the treatment, adding to a poor outcome of about 7.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Majority of the paediatric tuberculosis cases were diagnosed clinically rather than microbiological confirmation. Efforts should be made to further improve the availability and sensitivity of diagnostic methods of paediatric TB. KEYWORDS Paediatric Tuberculosis, Drug Resistant TB, HIV TB Co Infection

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