Follow-up and Final-Value Control of a Special Non-Linear Process: A Study on Optimal Aircraft Guidance During the Final Landing Phase

As it is appreciated that learning is a non-linear process – implying that coaching methodologies in sport should be accommodative – it is reasonable to suggest that player development pathways should also account for this non-linearity. A constraints-led approach (CLA), predicated on the theory of ecological dynamics, has been suggested as a viable framework for capturing the non-linearity of learning, development and performance in sport. The CLA articulates how skills emerge through the interaction of different constraints (task-environment-performer). However, despite its well-established theoretical roots, there are challenges to implementing it in practice. Accordingly, to help practitioners navigate such challenges, this paper proposes a user-friendly framework that demonstrates the benefits of a CLA. Specifically, to conceptualize the non-linear and individualized nature of learning, and how it can inform player development, we apply Adolph’s notion of learning IN development to explain the fundamental ideas of a CLA. We then exemplify a learning IN development framework, based on a CLA, brought to life in a high-level youth football organization. We contend that this framework can provide a novel approach for presenting the key ideas of a CLA and its powerful pedagogic concepts to practitioners at all levels, informing coach education programs, player development frameworks and learning environment designs in sport.

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Non-linear process monitoring using kernel principal component analysis: A review of the basic and modified techniques with industrial applications

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s43153-021-00125-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ajaya Kumar Pani

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Process Monitoring ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Linear Process ◽

Kernel Principal Component Analysis ◽

Non Linear

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Internal model controller based PID with fractional filter design for a nonlinear process

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp243-254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Hemavathy P.R. ◽

Mohamed Shuaib Y ◽

S.K. Lakshmanaprabu

Keyword(s):

Internal Model ◽

Process Model ◽

Filter Design ◽

Linear Process ◽

Piecewise Linearization ◽

Time Model ◽

First Order ◽

Non Linear ◽

Internal Model Controller ◽

Fractional Filter

In this paper, an Internal model Controller (IMC) based PID with fractional filter for a first order plus time delay process is proposed. The structure of the controller has two parts, one is integer PID controller part cascaded with fractional filter. The proposed controller has two tuning factors λ, filter time constant and a, fractional order of the filter. In this work, the two factors are decided in order to obtain low Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE). The effectiveness of the proposed controller is studied by considering a non linear (hopper tank) process. The experimental set up is fabricated in the laboratory and then data driven model is developed from the experimental data. The non linear process model is linearised using piecewise linearization and two linear regions are obtained. At each operating point, linear first order plus dead time model is obtained and the controller is designed for the same. To show the practical applicability, the proposed controller is implemented for the proposed experimental laboratory prototype.

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Reorganisation: a non-linear process of change

A Transdiagnostic Approach to CBT using Method of Levels Therapy ◽

10.4324/9780203081334-16 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 47-50

Keyword(s):

Linear Process ◽

Process Of Change ◽

Non Linear

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DCS devices based non-linear process control system design for plants with distributed time-delay using particle filter

Journal of Central South University ◽

10.1007/s11771-019-4258-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3351-3358

Author(s):

Ming-cong Deng ◽

Ryohei Fujii

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Time Delay ◽

Process Control ◽

Particle Filter ◽

System Design ◽

Process Control System ◽

Linear Process ◽

Control System Design ◽

Non Linear ◽

Distributed Time Delay

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Associations of fat and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality: prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m688 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m688 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Frederick K Ho ◽

Stuart R Gray ◽

Paul Welsh ◽

Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽

Hamish Foster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Macronutrient Intake ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Non Linear ◽

Average Hazard Ratio

Abstract Objective To investigate the association of macronutrient intake with all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the implications for dietary advice. Design Prospective population based study. Setting UK Biobank. Participants 195 658 of the 502 536 participants in UK Biobank completed at least one dietary questionnaire and were included in the analyses. Diet was assessed using Oxford WebQ, a web based 24 hour recall questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were estimated using standard methodology. Cox proportional models with penalised cubic splines were used to study non-linear associations. Main outcome measures All cause mortality and incidence of CVD. Results 4780 (2.4%) participants died over a mean 10.6 (range 9.4-13.9) years of follow-up, and 948 (0.5%) and 9776 (5.0%) experienced fatal and non-fatal CVD events, respectively, over a mean 9.7 (range 8.5-13.0) years of follow-up. Non-linear associations were found for many macronutrients. Carbohydrate intake showed a non-linear association with mortality; no association at 20-50% of total energy intake but a positive association at 50-70% of energy intake (3.14 v 2.75 per 1000 person years, average hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.28 (60-70% v 50% of energy)). A similar pattern was observed for sugar but not for starch or fibre. A higher intake of monounsaturated fat (2.94 v 3.50 per 1000 person years, average hazard ratio 0.58, 0.51 to 0.66 (20-25% v 5% of energy)) and lower intake of polyunsaturated fat (2.66 v 3.04 per 1000 person years, 0.78, 0.75 to 0.81 (5-7% v 12% of energy)) and saturated fat (2.66 v 3.59 per 1000 person years, 0.67, 0.62 to 0.73 (5-10% v 20% of energy)) were associated with a lower risk of mortality. A dietary risk matrix was developed to illustrate how dietary advice can be given based on current intake. Conclusion Many associations between macronutrient intake and health outcomes are non-linear. Thus dietary advice could be tailored to current intake. Dietary guidelines on macronutrients (eg, carbohydrate) should also take account of differential associations of its components (eg, sugar and starch).

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