Once Bitten, Twice Shy: Path Dependence, Power Resources, and the Magnitude of the Tax Burden in Latin America

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-113
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ondetti
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Power Resources

The Closing Triangle: Critical Notes on a Model for Peasant Mobilization in Latin America

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Singelmann
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Multiple Power ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Critical Notes

Students of contemporary campesino movements in Latin America have their analyses generally focused on two problem-complexes. One of these entails the macro-structural changes of the larger society within which campesino movements develop. Such changes are represented by the gradual imposition of the nation-state over the more remote regions of the countries, the concomitant decline in the geographic, political, and economic isolation of these remote areas, the emergence of ‘multiple-power domains’ within which ascending groups challenge the political brokerage monopolies of the traditional large landholders over the campesinos within their domains, and the development of clientelistic political structures within which campesino followings become attractive power resources for politicians at the regional and national level.

Neoliberale Kontinuität im politischen Wechselwind

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (189) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Landherr ◽  
Jakob Graf
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Accumulation Model ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Political Left

The article focuses on the question why Chile’s extractivist accumulation model is so stable despite ongoing protest, many years of a political left turn in Latin America and wide-ranging ecological damages caused by the extractive industries. It does not only take into account the appropriation of nature but analyses the appropriation of power by a small Chilean class of big company owners. The huge inequality which characterizes Chile’s society also shapes political power. The article distinguishes different power resources of Chile’s big business class and explains how these explain the surprising continuity of Chile’s extractivist economy in a socio-ecological deadlock.

The Roots of Brazil's Heavy Taxation

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIEL ONDETTI
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Over Time

AbstractLatin America is widely known as a low-tax region, but Brazil defies that description with a tax burden almost double the regional average. Though longstanding, Brazil’s position atop the tax burden ranking is not a historical constant. As recently as the early 1950s three other countries, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, had similar or even heavier burdens. However, by the early 1980s Brazil had emerged as the most heavily taxed country in Latin America, and subsequent decades reinforced that status. This article seeks to uncover the roots of Brazil’s heavy taxation by examining the process through which it rose to the top of the regional ranking and managed to stay there. It emphasises two variables, the social class bases of public sector growth and the degree of support for democracy among key political actors. Despite changing over time, these variables have consistently interacted in ways that favour rising taxation.

Creating Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-175
Author(s):  
Aldo Madariaga
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Neoliberal Policies

This chapter focuses on support creation, emphasizing the increase of power resources through privatization for those business actors that are expected to defend the survival of neoliberal policies. It describes privatization as one of the most important and controversial aspects of market reforms. It also discusses new democracies from the 1980s to the 1990s in Latin America and Eastern Europe that tended to see the need for massive processes of ownership change and proper regulatory and institutional frameworks. The chapter elaborates how privatization had long-term and systemic effects beyond support for specific reforms during the transition period. It points out how privatization altered economic and political institutions by transforming the power of business interests.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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