The Informal Market in Rehabilitation Housing

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-106
Keyword(s):  
Informal Market

scholarly journals Liminality and Child Labour: Experiences of School Aged Working Children with Implications for Community Education in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Okechukwu Stephen Chukwudeh ◽  
Akpovire Oduaran
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Background: Liminality brings confusion among children as they cannot progress to the next stage of life, neither could they regress to their previous state of events. The situation is precarious for socioeconomic deprived children in Africa as it cast aspersion on their career, health and well-being. The study, therefore, examines the experiences’ of children who were supposed to be in school but were observed working at the informal market space in Africa. Methods: Qualitative data was collected through referral and non-discriminative snowballing. Fourty-eight participants (48-KII 2, IDI 10, FGD 6–6 person per group, total 36) from Aleshinloye and Bodija markets in Southwest Nigeria were included in the study. Results: Parental poverty, poor education facilities, peer influence, and the frequent strike by education institutions (pre-tertiary and tertiary) were implicated for the prevalence of child labour in the informal market space in Southwest Nigeria. Conclusions: The negative consequences of the liminality stage far outweigh the positive. Therefore, there is a need for conscientious efforts by community leaders, parents, and relevant stakeholders in the society to eradicate snags within the liminality of children’s education in order to curb child labour. This is necessary to achieve the sustainable development goals by 2030.

Women’s Informal Market Work in Massachusetts, 1875–1920

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Nancy Folbre
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Market Work ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Provision Of Services

Married women’s entrance into the market economy proceeded at a slow but steady pace between 1890 and 1910. That, at least, is the impression given by conventional census measures of the percentage with “gainful occupations,” which practically doubled in both the United States as a whole and in the heavily industrialized state of Massachusetts (see Table 1). This impression is misleading on at least two counts. Declines in self-reporting and enumerator bias may have overstated the increase in married women with gainful occupations. More important, dwindling opportunities for informal market activities, such as industrial homework, provision of services to boarders, and participation in a family farm or enterprise, may have countervailed increases in formal market participation. In Massachusetts, at least, married women’s specialization in non-market domestic labor probably increased.

scholarly journals Microbiological Safety of Cooked Vended Foods in an Urban Informal Market: A Case Study of Mbare Msika, Harare, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Kwiri ◽  
Clive Winini ◽  
Jeritah Tongonya ◽  
Wishmore Gwala ◽  
Enock Mpofu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informal Market ◽  
Microbiological Safety

The ‘D-Books’ of Daryaganj Sunday Book Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 309-326
Author(s):  
Kanupriya Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
English Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Help ◽  
A Site

Daryaganj Sunday Book Market, popularly known as Daryaganj Sunday Patri Kitab Bazaar, is a weekly informal market for used, rare, and pirated books that has been operating on the streets of Old Delhi for the past fifty years. In this essay, I focus on one of the circuits that has been flourishing in this market, that of pirated or ‘duplicate’ or D-books. In order to examine the forms in which piracy thrives in the present-day Patri Kitab Bazaar, and the reasons behind it, I compare two types of pirated books found here: a low-price self-help manual in Hindi and a ‘D’ copy of an English novel by popular Indian author Chetan Bhagat. As I examine the essential role that ‘randomness’ plays in the constitution of pirated texts, I suggest that there is organization to this apparent lack of pattern or unpredictability. Such permutation of order and chaos resonates with the location of the bazaar – a site that thrives on the serendipity of the streets.

scholarly journals Debt financing the capital requirements of informal market traders

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Schraader ◽  
Louise Whittaker ◽  
Ian McKay
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

This paper describes a case study undertaken to determine whether formal sector personal debt financing might contribute to the funding of South African informal market traders. The case study was conducted at the Natalspruit informal market in Ekhuruleni, Gauteng1.  Quantitative questionnaire surveys and a financial diaries project established that market traders in the Natalspruit informal market: have capital requirements large enough to justify the use of formal sector debt financing, can generate sufficient operating profits to pay for formal sector debt financing, and would be willing to utilise formal sector debt financing if given the opportunity. However, formal sector debt financing is most relevant to those informal market traders with the skills and motivation to utilize financing provided effectively and who are willing to inject more formality into their business.

Occurrence and concentrations of residues of tetracyclines, polyether ionophores and anthelmintics in livers of chickens sold in the informal market in Gauteng province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Adesiyun ◽  
FOLORUNSO O. FASINA ◽  
OVOKEROYE A. ABAFE ◽  
MALESEDI MOKGOATLHENG-MAMOGOBO ◽  
OLUWATOLA ADIGUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tetracycline Group

The occurrence, concentrations and variables associated with tetracycline, polyether ionophore and anthelmintic residues in the livers of chickens sold in the informal market in South Africa were determined. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to simultaneously analyze for four tetracyclines, five polyether ionophores and six anthelmintic residues. The study determined the presence  of residues  in liver samples at both the limit of quantifications (LoQ) and concentrations over the maximum residue limit (MRLs), i.e. non-compliant. Doxycycline (tetracycline group) was detected in 24.5% (24/98) of chicken livers and 15.3% (15/98) were non-compliant. The mean±SD concentration of 919.04±1081.30 (LoQ) and 1410.57±108.89 ppb (MRL) were obtained. Maduramycin was detected in 27.6% (27/98) of chicken livers and 19.4% (19/98) were non-compliant. The mean±SD for LoQ was 117.96±84.56 and MRL was 153.21±76.29 ppb. The concentrations of residues of doxycycline and maduramycin in chicken livers varied significantly across townships. Lasalocid was quantified in 31.6% (31/98) of the samples, of which 5.1% (5/98) contained concentrations above the MRL. The  mean±SD concentrations of Lasalocid was 62.90±170.84 for samples in which  Lasalocid was quantified and 310.16±356.68 ppb for non-compliant samples. The frequencies of chicken livers that contained detectable concentrations of the three anthelmintic residues were 3.1% (3/98), 1.0% (1/48) and 2.0% (2/98) for praziquantel, closantel and rafoxanide, respectively. The presence of three classes of veterinary drugs residues in chicken liver poses food safety implications to consumers and indicates a need for enhanced regulatory enforcement in controlling these drugs in South Africa.

Informal market governance in Japan's basic materials industries

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tilton
Keyword(s):  
State Policies ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Dyadic Relationships ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Trade Associations ◽  
Relational Contracting ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Market Governance ◽  
The Stability

Too much emphasis has been placed on formal state policies and on ties between individual firms to explain Japanese economic behavior and impediments to imports in Japanese markets. We need to look instead at informal governance by trade associations. In so doing, the concept of relational contracting should be applied not just to dyadic relationships between individual firms but also to relationships between entire industries. Whole industries engage in relational contracting to ensure the stability of both prices and supplies. These industry agreements stabilize Japanese markets but at the same time keep imports out of them. This informal governance complements state policies to support uncompetitive industries. These agreements are more likely to occur and succeed between selling and buying industries that each are relatively concentrated, when upstream products are standardized, when upstream goods constitute a smaller share of downstream production costs, when these sectors have not experienced previous conflicts that undermine cooperation, and when the Ministry of International Trade and Industry wants a domestic supply of its products.

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