scholarly journals NAFTA Is Renegotiated and Signed by the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

A twenty-four-year-old agreement was reborn on October 1, 2018, when President Trump announced that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had been successfully renegotiated. The deal came after an arduous, year-long negotiation process that almost left Canada behind. As one indicator of its contentiousness, the deal lacks an agreed-upon name, but the United States is referring to it as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). It keeps some key NAFTA provisions mostly the same, including with respect to state-to-state dispute resolution, but eliminates, modifies, and adds other provisions. Among the changes: investor-state dispute settlement has been eliminated as between the United States and Canada; rules of origin for automobiles and rules for U.S. dairy products have been modified; and new provisions address labor protections, intellectual property rights, rights for indigenous persons, rules for trade negotiations with non-market countries, and the agreement's termination. The agreement was formally signed by the leaders of all three countries on November 30, 3018. It must be approved through the domestic ratification procedures of the three countries before it enters into force.

scholarly journals United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Enters into Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-775
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

On November 30, 2018, Canada, Mexico, and the United States signed an agreement renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). By the spring of 2020, all three countries had approved this agreement—known in the United States as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)—through their respective domestic ratification processes. The USMCA entered into force on July 1, 2020, amid extended U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada border restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On August 6, 2020, President Trump imposed tariffs on Canadian aluminum—tariffs that his administration had previously put in place in 2018 but had removed in 2019 in order to smooth the USMCA's path to ratification.

scholarly journals Impacts of U.S., Mexican, and Canadian Trade Agreement on Commodity and Labor Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Stephen Devadoss ◽  
Jeff Luckstead
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

AbstractThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) renegotiation has resulted in an updated agreement known as the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA). Given the contentious nature of the renegotiation process, we analyze the impacts of the USMCA relative to a “what if” scenario of failed NAFTA renegotiation to examine the economy-wide impacts of USMCA on bilateral trade, production, consumption, prices, and domestic and cross-border labor markets. Our results show that, had NAFTA renegotiation failed, the ensuing economic conditions would have created incentive for more, not fewer, migrant workers to enter the United States. USMCA benefits Mexican and Canadian consumers marginally but harms U.S. consumers slightly.

Regiones ganadoras y cultivos perdedores de México en el TLCAN. Perspectivas para T-MEC

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Marcos Noé Maya Martínez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

In Mexican agriculture there are branches and regions that have benefited from the trade liberalization and economic integration under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), but there are sectors, essentially those of basic grains that have been affected by liberalization, which exacerbates the country's food dependence. To understand the trends already in the framework of the United States, Mexico and Canada Agreement (USMCA) a projection (extrapolation) of the next 11 years will be made, based on the behavior already analyzed.

scholarly journals Trayectorias de las relaciones bilaterales de Colombia y México con Estados Unidos

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Lesly Katherin Herrera Riveros ◽  
José Antonio Galindo Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
United States Mexico

ResumenLa pertinencia de la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio de Colombia con Estados Unidos ha sido puesta en debate en diferentes momentos, al igual que la firma del TLCAN por parte de México. Con este ensayo se busca recapitular la trayectoria de las relaciones bilaterales de estos dos países con Estados Unidos, con el fin de mostrarlas desde una perspectiva analítica de largo plazo e identificar los puntos clave de los acercamientos, sus implicaciones y posibles similitudes o diferencias. Se cierra con una breve introducción a los acuerdos firmados en el proceso de apertura económica de cada país y sus principales consecuencias.Palabras claves: Dependencia económica y política, política exterior colombiana, Estados Unidos, México.**********************************************************************Trajectories of the bilateral relations of Colombia and Mexico with the United StatesAbstractThe pertinence of the signature of the Free Trade Agreement between Colombia and the United States has been questioned at different times, as well as the signature of the North American Free Trade Agreement by Mexico. This essay aims at a reconstruction of the trajectory of the bilateral relations of Colombia and Mexico with the United States, in order to expose them from a long-term analytical perspective, and identify the key points of the approaches, their implications and possible similarities or differences. The essay concludes with a brief introduction of the signed agreements in the process of economic openness of each country and its main consequences.Key words: Political and economic dependency, colombian exterior policy, United States, Mexico.**********************************************************************Trajetórias das relações bilaterais entre a Colômbia e o México com os Estados UnidosResumo:A pertinência do Tratado de Libre Comércio entre a Colômbia e os Estados Unidos, tem sido debatida em distintos momentos, mesmo como o TLCAN por parte do México. Este ensaio visa conferir a trajetória das relações bilaterais entre estes países e os Estados Unidos e identifica pontos chave, implicações e possíveis semelhanças e diferenças entre eles. Mostra-se o conteúdo geral dos acordos nos processos de apertura económica de cada país, mesmo como suas consequências.Palavras chave: Dependência económica e política, política exterior colombiana, Estados Unidos, México.

Neoliberalism and Counterinsurgency

Colombia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Promotion ◽  
The U.S

How did the U.S.-Colombia free trade agreement come about? The officially named “U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement” was the stepchild of a rancorous hemispheric divorce between the United States and five Latin American governments over the proposal to extend the North American Free Trade Agreement...

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