scholarly journals Impacts of U.S., Mexican, and Canadian Trade Agreement on Commodity and Labor Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Stephen Devadoss ◽  
Jeff Luckstead
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

AbstractThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) renegotiation has resulted in an updated agreement known as the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA). Given the contentious nature of the renegotiation process, we analyze the impacts of the USMCA relative to a “what if” scenario of failed NAFTA renegotiation to examine the economy-wide impacts of USMCA on bilateral trade, production, consumption, prices, and domestic and cross-border labor markets. Our results show that, had NAFTA renegotiation failed, the ensuing economic conditions would have created incentive for more, not fewer, migrant workers to enter the United States. USMCA benefits Mexican and Canadian consumers marginally but harms U.S. consumers slightly.

scholarly journals NAFTA Is Renegotiated and Signed by the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

A twenty-four-year-old agreement was reborn on October 1, 2018, when President Trump announced that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had been successfully renegotiated. The deal came after an arduous, year-long negotiation process that almost left Canada behind. As one indicator of its contentiousness, the deal lacks an agreed-upon name, but the United States is referring to it as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). It keeps some key NAFTA provisions mostly the same, including with respect to state-to-state dispute resolution, but eliminates, modifies, and adds other provisions. Among the changes: investor-state dispute settlement has been eliminated as between the United States and Canada; rules of origin for automobiles and rules for U.S. dairy products have been modified; and new provisions address labor protections, intellectual property rights, rights for indigenous persons, rules for trade negotiations with non-market countries, and the agreement's termination. The agreement was formally signed by the leaders of all three countries on November 30, 3018. It must be approved through the domestic ratification procedures of the three countries before it enters into force.

“Let’s Not be Laughed at Anymore: Donald Trump and Japan from the 1980s to the Present”

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the central role of Japan’s rise to global economic prominence in the evolution of Donald J. Trump’s worldview. It traces how the transformation of the relationship between the United States and Japan during the 1980s informed Trump’s ideas about trade and protectionism, globalization, the international economy, and executive power. Trump, it argues, was a product of U.S.-Japanese relationship; while he began his public career as a prominent critic of Japan, claiming that the country exploited American trade and defense policy, his career in real estate heavily relied on Japanese finance. This contradictory approach continues to shape his understanding of Japan. As president, Trump repeatedly condemns Japan as predatory and protectionist, but also seeks expanded Japanese investment in the United States to revitalize the U.S. economy. Equally important, Trump has expanded criticisms originating with Japan to countries like China and Mexico, international agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the World Trade Organization. By tracing Trump’s rhetorical, financial, and diplomatic encounters with Japan over the past thirty years, this article uncovers the sources of Trump’s contradictory attitudes towards trade, globalization, and cross-border investment and his understandings of strong leadership and executive power.

scholarly journals Canadian Production in and to American Markets: Bilateral Trading Issues

1994 ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
R. W. Riegert ◽  
R. J. Lane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Products Liability ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Relationship

The main concern of this article is the bilateral trade relationship between the United States and Canada, and specifically trade involving the energy industry. The main areas of the trade relationship are examined. First, the aims of the North American Free Trade Agreement are examined to show how it differs from, expands and improves upon the Free Trade Agreement. Second, four areas of commercial law are examined: The Uniform Commercial Code; U.S. federal legislation designed to control conflicting state laws; products liability dealing with the potential liability of Canadian manufacturers to American consumers; and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. Third, there is advice to Canadian manufacturers on ways to avoid becoming liable for American tax. Fourth, the harmonization of American and Canadian trade and financial statutes in the areas of countervailing duties, dumping, anti-trust and customs tariffs is discussed. This is followed by advice on the different taxation policies followed by the United States and Canada and the implications for bilateral trade. Provisions for the transfer of possession of products are discussed as are immigration questions raised by the entry of Canadians into the United States to sell their products. Finally, the regulation of interstate commerce in the United States is examined.

scholarly journals United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Enters into Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-775
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

On November 30, 2018, Canada, Mexico, and the United States signed an agreement renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). By the spring of 2020, all three countries had approved this agreement—known in the United States as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)—through their respective domestic ratification processes. The USMCA entered into force on July 1, 2020, amid extended U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada border restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On August 6, 2020, President Trump imposed tariffs on Canadian aluminum—tariffs that his administration had previously put in place in 2018 but had removed in 2019 in order to smooth the USMCA's path to ratification.

Regiones ganadoras y cultivos perdedores de México en el TLCAN. Perspectivas para T-MEC

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Marcos Noé Maya Martínez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

In Mexican agriculture there are branches and regions that have benefited from the trade liberalization and economic integration under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), but there are sectors, essentially those of basic grains that have been affected by liberalization, which exacerbates the country's food dependence. To understand the trends already in the framework of the United States, Mexico and Canada Agreement (USMCA) a projection (extrapolation) of the next 11 years will be made, based on the behavior already analyzed.

scholarly journals Trayectorias de las relaciones bilaterales de Colombia y México con Estados Unidos

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Lesly Katherin Herrera Riveros ◽  
José Antonio Galindo Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
United States Mexico

ResumenLa pertinencia de la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio de Colombia con Estados Unidos ha sido puesta en debate en diferentes momentos, al igual que la firma del TLCAN por parte de México. Con este ensayo se busca recapitular la trayectoria de las relaciones bilaterales de estos dos países con Estados Unidos, con el fin de mostrarlas desde una perspectiva analítica de largo plazo e identificar los puntos clave de los acercamientos, sus implicaciones y posibles similitudes o diferencias. Se cierra con una breve introducción a los acuerdos firmados en el proceso de apertura económica de cada país y sus principales consecuencias.Palabras claves: Dependencia económica y política, política exterior colombiana, Estados Unidos, México.**********************************************************************Trajectories of the bilateral relations of Colombia and Mexico with the United StatesAbstractThe pertinence of the signature of the Free Trade Agreement between Colombia and the United States has been questioned at different times, as well as the signature of the North American Free Trade Agreement by Mexico. This essay aims at a reconstruction of the trajectory of the bilateral relations of Colombia and Mexico with the United States, in order to expose them from a long-term analytical perspective, and identify the key points of the approaches, their implications and possible similarities or differences. The essay concludes with a brief introduction of the signed agreements in the process of economic openness of each country and its main consequences.Key words: Political and economic dependency, colombian exterior policy, United States, Mexico.**********************************************************************Trajetórias das relações bilaterais entre a Colômbia e o México com os Estados UnidosResumo:A pertinência do Tratado de Libre Comércio entre a Colômbia e os Estados Unidos, tem sido debatida em distintos momentos, mesmo como o TLCAN por parte do México. Este ensaio visa conferir a trajetória das relações bilaterais entre estes países e os Estados Unidos e identifica pontos chave, implicações e possíveis semelhanças e diferenças entre eles. Mostra-se o conteúdo geral dos acordos nos processos de apertura económica de cada país, mesmo como suas consequências.Palavras chave: Dependência económica e política, política exterior colombiana, Estados Unidos, México.

The Investment Provisions of the Canada—United States Free Trade Agreement: A Canadian Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Raby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

This is a good deal, a good deal for Canada and a deal that is good for all Canadians. It is also a fair deal, which means that it brings benefits and progress to our partner, the United States of America. When both countries prosper, our democracies are strengthened and leadership has been provided to our trading partners around the world. I think this initiative represents enlightened leadership to the trading partners about what can be accomplished when we determine that we are going to strike down protectionism, move toward liberalized trade, and generate new prosperity for all our people.On January 2, 1988, President Ronald Reagan of the United States and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada signed the landmark comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two countries that already enjoyed the largest bilateral trade relationship in the world. The FTA was subsequently ratified by the legislatures of both countries, if only after a bitterly fought election on the subject in Canada. On January 1, 1989, the FTA formally came into effect.

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