scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Superstations as a Model to Rapidly Achieve Herd Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s52-s52
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Keehner ◽  
Francesca Torriani ◽  
Shira Abeles ◽  
Lucy Horton
Keyword(s):  
San Diego ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Workforce Needs

Background: The County of San Diego Health and Human Services (SDHHSA) established a goal to vaccinate 1.9 million residents as quickly as possible to attain vaccine induced herd immunity. This strategy would minimize the emergence of more transmissible variants, to which some vaccines may be less effective. With this strategy in mind, UC San Diego Health (UCSDH) collaborated with the local health authorities and the San Diego Padres to build a superstation in downtown San Diego in the parking lot of a baseball stadium. Methods: Building on the experience of rapidly vaccinating the UCSDH workforce in mid-December 2020, UCSDH and SDHHSA partnered to more efficiently distribute SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in San Diego County by building a vaccine superstation. The San Diego Padres offered their parking lot as the site; it was centrally located, easily accessible, quick to set up, and semipermanent. They also provided infrastructure support, event coordination, and internet capability. Occupying a space of ~6.5 acres, the superstation included 12 lanes serving 12 cars each, with ~3 cycles every hour, as well as a pedestrian walk-up station. Altogether, the site had the capacity for >5,000 vaccinations daily. This effort required coordination among administration, healthcare providers, IT specialists, and support staff—a daily workforce of >300 persons. The workforce needs were met using a multipronged approach, including flexible staffing, coordination of volunteers, and recruitment of previously retired providers. The private–public partnership enabled the superstation to be up and running in 5 days. Results: The operation was quickly ramped up to provide >6,000 vaccines daily. Initially only open to healthcare workers, on January 17 the superstation was expanded to persons aged >75 years, with further expansion to those aged ≥65 years on January 23. From January 11 to February 5, >100,000 individuals received their first dose of vaccine at the superstation, corresponding to ~31% of all San Diego county vaccinations. Conclusions: Vaccination of as many people as quickly as possible is essential to controlling the pandemic. Unchecked replication of SARS-CoV-2 allows increases the chance that the virus may develop mutations that render vaccines and therapeutics less effective. Our model vaccine superstation was replicated at 3 more sites around the county, the limited allocation of vaccine has been the only barrier to further expansion. A force of 10 superstations could administer a first dose to the remaining 1.6 million county residents within 32 days.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

OBSTETRICS AND LOCAL HEALTH AUTHORITIES

BMJ ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol 2 (3329) ◽  
pp. 741-742
Author(s):  
J. G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Local Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Local Health Authorities

scholarly journals Mobility, exposure, and epidemiological timelines of COVID-19 infections in China outside Hubei province

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fan Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ke Xu ◽  
Ye Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
Public Disclosures ◽  
Local Health Authorities

AbstractThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is pseudonymously linked to more than 100 million cases in the world as of January 2021. High-quality data are needed but lacking in the understanding of and fighting against COVID-19. We provide a complete and updating hand-coded line-list dataset containing detailed information of the cases in China and outside the epicenter in Hubei province. The data are extracted from public disclosures by local health authorities, starting from January 19. This dataset contains a very rich set of features for the characterization of COVID-19’s epidemiological properties, including individual cases’ demographic information, travel history, potential virus exposure scenario, contacts with known infections, and timelines of symptom onset, quarantine, infection confirmation, and hospitalization. These cases can be considered the baseline COVID-19 transmissibility under extreme mitigation measures, and therefore, a reference for comparative scientific investigation and public policymaking.

scholarly journals Childhood Immunisation Coverage during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Italy

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Michela Sabbatucci ◽  
Anna Odone ◽  
Carlo Signorelli ◽  
Andrea Siddu ◽  
Andrea Silenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Health System ◽  
P Value ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Rate Decrease ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Childhood Vaccine ◽  
Local Health Authorities

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected national healthcare systems worldwide, with around 282 million cumulative confirmed cases reported in over 220 countries and territories as of the end of 2021. The Italian National Health System was heavily affected, with detrimental impacts on preventive service delivery. Routine vaccination services were disrupted across the country during the first months of the pandemic, and both access to and demand for vaccines have decreased during the pandemic. In many cases, parents preferred to postpone scheduled appointments for routine paediatric vaccinations because of stay-at-home orders or fear of COVID-19 infection when accessing care. The objective of the current study was to assess the routine childhood vaccine coverage (VC) rates during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. We compared 2020 and 2019 VC by age group and vaccine type. The Italian Ministry of Health collected anonymised and aggregated immunisation national data through the local health authorities (LHAs). Results were considered statistically significant at a two-tailed p-value ≤ 0.05. VC rates for mandatory vaccinations decreased in 2020 compared to 2019 (range of VC rate decrease: −1% to −2.7%), while chicken pox increased (+2.2%) in 7-year-old children. Recommended vaccinations were moderately affected (range of VC rate decrease in 2020 vs. 2019: −1.4% to −8.5%), with the exception of anti-HPV in males, Men ACWY, and anti-rotavirus vaccination (VC increase 2020 vs. 2019: +1.8%, +4.7% and +9.4%, respectively). In the COVID-19 era, the implementation of coherent, transparent, and effective communication campaigns and educational programs on safe childhood vaccinations, together with the increase in the number of healthcare staff employed, is essential to support strategies to reinforce vaccination confidence and behaviour, thus avoiding health threats due to VPD during and beyond COVID-19 times.

The Public Health Police

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Local Health Authorities

As the HIV epidemic wore on in the 2000s, public health authorities became enamored with the idea of “ending AIDS.” That is, if they could just get HIV-positive people to take their pills and stop infecting other people. Health departments began to track HIV-positive clients more closely, aiming to control their behavior and ensure their adherence to treatment regimens. This chapter explores how local health authorities ensure that HIV-positive clients behave in a manner officials deem responsible—and how they catch and punish those who do not. While the state maintains that the work of local health officials is done solely in the interests of promoting public health, their efforts to control HIV-positive clients reveal that they are also engaged in policing and law enforcement.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distribution of a non-haematophagous bat community and rabies virus circulation: a proposal for urban rabies surveillance in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dias ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
F. M. Ulloa-Stanojlovic ◽  
A. Nitsche ◽  
C. Castagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City

AbstractIn Brazil, rabies surveillance is based on monitoring domestic and wild animals, although the most prevalent lineage of the rabies virus (RABV) currently diagnosed in Brazil is associated with bats, particularly non-haematophagous bats. Disease control is based on the mass vaccination of dogs and cats. We used data collected by the passive surveillance system of the city of Campinas from 2011 to 2015, to describe the temporal and geographic distributions of the bat specimens and RABV and discuss the current rabies surveillance with the advent of the declaration of canine and feline rabies-free areas in Brazil. We described the species, locations and health statuses of the collected bat specimens. Moreover, all samples were submitted for RABV diagnosis. Then, we performed a time series decomposition for each bat family. Additionally, we determined the spatiotemporal relative risk for RABV infection using the ratio of the kernel-smoothed estimates of spatiotemporal densities of RABV-positive and RABV-negative bats. From the 2537 bat specimens, the most numerous family was Molossidae (72%), followed by Vespertilionidae (14%) and Phyllostomidae (13%). The bat families behaved differently in terms of seasonal and spatial patterns. The distribution of bats varied geographically in the urban environment, with Molossidae and Phyllostomidae being observed downtown and Vespertilionidae being observed in peripheral zones. Concurrently, a significant relative risk of RABV infection was observed downtown for Vespertilionidae and in peripheral zones for Molossidae. No RABV-positive sample clusters were observed. As a result of the official declaration of RABV-free areas in southern Brazil, mass dog and cat vaccinations are expected to halt in the near future. This stoppage would make most dog and cat populations susceptible to other RABV lineages, such as those maintained by non-haematophagous bats. In this scenario, all information available on bats and RABV distribution in urban areas is essential. Currently, few studies have been conducted. Some local health authorities, such as that in Campinas, are spontaneously basing their surveillance efforts on bat rabies, which is the alternative in reality scenario of increased susceptibility to bat-associated RABV that is developing in Brazil.

A New Pattern in Day Hospital Development the West Middlesex Day Hospital

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (458) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Pitt ◽  
Morris Markowe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Hospital Boards ◽  
Hospital Development ◽  
Mental Treatment ◽  
Local Health Authorities

Slowly but surely the emphasis of the mental health service is moving from the mental hospital into the community which it serves. The trend of these community developments can be seen as far back as the establishment of psychiatric out-patient clinics at general hospitals under the Mental Treatment Act, 1930, together with arrangements for after care, and continued by mental hospitals and regional hospital boards since the advent of the National Health Service. While the new era in British psychiatry awaits the implementation by local health authorities of their mandatory functions under the Mental Health Act, 1959, much can still be done within the hospital services proper to shift the emphasis into the community. One such method is described in this study of a Day Hospital developed within a large general hospital.

scholarly journals Healthcare digital services in Italy: good practices across Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Z Zuccarino ◽  
E G Guidotti ◽  
M C Cassano ◽  
S D R De Rosis ◽  
F F Ferrè
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Health Authorities

Abstract Background In Europe, digital transformation of healthcare is one of the agenda priorities. Institutional websites and mobile applications (APPs) have been increasingly adopted by healthcare organizations for communication and service delivery. This study aims at describing the state of art and the variability of healthcare digitalization in Italy. Methods The study focuses on 144 active websites of public healthcare organizations (i.e. Local Health Authorities and Teaching Hospitals) of 11 out of the 21 Regional healthcare systems in Italy. The research investigates whether the healthcare organizations provide e-booking and e-paying for outpatient visits through their website/APP and whether citizens are informed of this opportunity. Researchers independently analyze the websites taking the user’s perspective, by adopting a common grid. Data refers to December 2018. Results The majority of items analyzed show a high variability within and among Regions. The provision of online services patients can benefit of change across the same territory. Almost 76% of the LHAs/hospitals allow for e-booking of outpatient visits and e-paying is available for 84% of them. The adoption of APPs for healthcare is not homogenous. Some Regions develop a specific regional tool (e.g. Apulia, Lombardy) providing uniform access to digital services to their resident population while in other Regions, public healthcare providers can implement their own APP (e.g. Liguria, Veneto). Conclusions Our findings suggest that centralizing digital services - at least at regional level - can enhance healthcare digitalization in Italy, avoiding jeopardized and unequal provision of digital services. Further research should investigate the actual use of these services by citizens and the reasons of variability. Key messages Italy is in delay in digital transformation of healthcare. Our study supports the identification of good regional practices, which could endorse the implementation of future actions.

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