scholarly journals Executive dysfunction and altered cerebrovascular activity in a rodent model of vascular cognitive impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. S4-S5
Author(s):  
K.D. Langdon ◽  
C. Cordova ◽  
S. Granter-Button ◽  
J. Boyd ◽  
J. Peeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Vessel Disease

Most basic science research has focused on overt stroke caused by blockage of major blood vessels. Less attention has been paid to small vessel disease giving rise to covert stroke that often leads to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). One reason for this may be the relative lack of relevant animal models. This talk will describe a model of VCI induced in middle-aged Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a diet high in saturated fats, salt and refined sugar (HFSS). In Experiment 1, rats fed HFSS and subjected to a small mediodorsal (MD) thalamic stroke with or without concomitant cerebral hypoperfusion experienced significant executive dysfunction. In Experiment 2, dietary influences on functional, physiological and anatomical parameters were assessed. We found significant hypertension, blockage of brain microvessels (2-photon microscopy) and white matter atrophy in HFSS diet animals. As in Experiment 1, profound, specific set-shifting executive dysfunction was noted following both small MD infarcts (0.332 mm3) and the HFSS diet. In summary, these data describe a middle-aged animal model of VCI that includes clinically-relevant metabolic disturbances and small vessel disease and as such may be helpful in developing new cognitive therapies.

scholarly journals Executive dysfunction and blockage of brain microvessels in a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1727-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher D Langdon ◽  
Chris A Cordova ◽  
Shirley Granter-Button ◽  
Jamie D Boyd ◽  
James Peeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Microvessels ◽  
Bilateral Carotid

Most research focuses on overt stroke caused by blockage of major blood vessels. Less attention has been paid to small vessel disease which gives rise to covert stroke that often leads to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). One reason for this may be the relative lack of relevant animal models. Herein, we describe, a model of VCI induced in middle-aged Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a diet high in saturated fats, salt and refined sugar (HFSS). In Experiment 1, rats were fed HFSS and subjected to a small mediodorsal (MD) thalamic stroke with or without concomitant permanent bilateral carotid artery occlusion. MD lesions produce significant executive dysfunction in an attention set-shift task ( p = 0.012). In Experiment 2, rats were exposed to either HFSS or control diet and functional effects assessed. We found significant hypertension ( p = 0.013), blockage of brain microvessels ( p = 0.018) and white matter atrophy ( p = 0.039) in HFSS diet animals. As in Experiment 1, profound, specific set-shifting executive dysfunction was noted ( p = 0.003) following both small MD infarcts (0.332 mm3) and the HFSS diet. In summary, these data describe a middle-aged animal model of VCI that includes clinically relevant metabolic disturbances and small vessel disease and as such may be helpful in developing new cognitive therapies.

scholarly journals Vascular cognitive impairment in small vessel disease: clinical and neuropsychological features of lacunar state and Binswanger's disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ramos-Estebanez ◽  
I. Moral-Arce ◽  
A. Gonzalez-Mandly ◽  
V. Dhagubatti ◽  
J. Gonzalez-Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Binswanger’S Disease ◽  
Binswanger's Disease

Deep microbleeds and periventricular white matter disintegrity are independent predictors of attention/executive dysfunction in non-dementia patients with small vessel disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-wei Cao ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Quan Dong ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Yan-sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Vessel Disease

ABSTRACTBackground:Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the common cause of cognitive decline in the old population. MRI can be used to clarify its mechanisms. However, the surrogate markers of MRI for early cognitive impairment in SVD remain uncertain to date. We investigated the cognitive impacts of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and brain volumetric measurements in a cohort of post-stroke non-dementia SVD patients.Methods:Fifty five non-dementia SVD patients were consecutively recruited and categorized into two groups as no cognitive impairment (NCI) (n = 23) or vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) (n = 32). Detailed neuropsychological assessment and multimodal MRI were completed.Results:The two groups differed significantly on Z scores of all cognitive domains (all p < 0.01) except for the language. There were more patients with hypertension (p = 0.038) or depression (p = 0.019) in the VaMCI than those in the NCI group. Multiple regression analysis of cognition showed periventricular mean diffusivity (MD) (β = −0.457, p < 0.01) and deep CMBs numbers (β = −0.352, p < 0.01) as the predictors of attention/executive function, which explained 45.2% of the total variance. Periventricular MD was the independent predictor for either memory (β = −0.314, p < 0.05) or visuo-spatial function (β = −0.375, p < 0.01); however, only small proportion of variance could be accounted for (9.8% and 12.4%, respectively). Language was not found to be correlated with any of the MRI parameters. No correlation was found between brain atrophic indices and any of the cognitive measures.Conclusion:Arteriosclerotic CMBs and periventricular white matter disintegrity seem to be independent MRI surrogated markers in the early stage of cognitive impairment in SVD.

scholarly journals Evaluating vascular cognitive impairment and dementia due to small‐vessel disease using plasma levels of PLGF and VEGF‐A

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Winder ◽  
Tiffany Lee ◽  
David W Fardo ◽  
Qiang Cheng ◽  
Larry Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Vessel Disease

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured by 3D PCASL as Biomarker of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID) in a Cohort of Elderly Latinx Subjects at Risk of Small Vessel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Jann ◽  
Xingfeng Shao ◽  
Samantha J. Ma ◽  
Steven Y. Cen ◽  
Lina D’Orazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain White Matter

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) affects arterioles, capillaries, and venules and can lead to cognitive impairments and clinical symptomatology of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). VCID symptoms are similar to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the neurophysiologic alterations are less well studied, resulting in no established biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) as a potential biomarker of VCID in a cohort of elderly Latinx subjects at risk of cSVD. Forty-five elderly Latinx subjects (12 males, 69 ± 7 years) underwent repeated MRI scans ∼6 weeks apart. CBF was measured using 3D pCASL in the whole brain, white matter and 4 main vascular territories (leptomeningeal anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral artery (leptoACA, leptoMCA, leptoPCA), as well as MCA perforator). The test-retest repeatability of CBF was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and within-subject coefficient of variation (wsCV). Absolute and relative CBF was correlated with gross cognitive measures and domain specific assessment of executive and memory function, vascular risks, and Fazekas scores and volumes of white matter hyperintensity (WMH). Neurocognitive evaluations were performed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and neuropsychological test battery in the Uniform Data Set v3 (UDS3). Good to excellent test-retest repeatability was achieved (ICC = 0.77–0.85, wsCV 3–9%) for CBF measurements in the whole brain, white matter, and 4 vascular territories. Relative CBF normalized by global mean CBF in the leptoMCA territory was positively correlated with the executive function composite score, while relative CBF in the leptoMCA and MCA perforator territory was positively correlated with MoCA scores, controlling for age, gender, years of education, and testing language. Relative CBF in WM was negatively correlated with WMH volume and MoCA scores, while relative leptoMCA CBF was positively correlated with WMH volume. Reliable 3D pCASL CBF measurements were achieved in the cohort of elderly Latinx subjects. Relative CBF in the leptomeningeal and perforator MCA territories were the most likely candidate biomarker of VCID. These findings need to be replicated in larger cohorts with greater variability of stages of cSVD.

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