Engagement science: The core of dissemination, implementation, and translational research science

AbstractStakeholder engagement is acknowledged as central to dissemination and implementation (D&I) of research that generates and answers new clinical and health service research questions. There is both benefit and risk in conducting stakeholder engagement. Done wrong, it can damage trust and adversely impact study results, outcomes, and reputations. Done correctly with sensitivity, inclusion, and respect, it can significantly facilitate improvements in research prioritization, communication, design, recruitment strategies, and ultimately provide results useful to improve population and individual health. There is a recognized science of stakeholder engagement, but a general lack of knowledge that matches its strategies and approaches to particular populations of interest based on history and characteristics. This article reviews stakeholder engagement, provides several examples of its application across the range of translational research, and recommends that Clinical Translational Science Awards, with their unique geographical, systems, and historical characteristics, actively participate in deepening our understanding of stakeholder engagement science and methods within implementation and dissemination research. These recommendations include (a) development of an inventory of successful stakeholder engagement strategies; (b) coordination and intentionally testing a variety of stakeholder engagement strategies; (c) tool kit development; and (d) identification of fundamental motivators and logic models for stakeholder engagement to help align stakeholders and researchers.

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Building capacity for dissemination and implementation to maximize research impact in a CTSA: The University of Wisconsin story

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2020.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 209-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrew Quanbeck ◽

Jane Mahoney ◽

Kim Kies ◽

Kate Judge ◽

Maureen Smith

Keyword(s):

Community Engagement ◽

Translational Research ◽

Stakeholder Engagement ◽

Research Impact ◽

Relationship Building ◽

Dissemination And Implementation ◽

Building Capacity ◽

University Of Wisconsin ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

AbstractWe report results of an 8-year process of stakeholder engagement aimed at building capacity in Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) research at the University of Wisconsin as part of the National Institutes of Health’s Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA). Starting in 2008, annual individual interviews were held with leaders of the Wisconsin CTSA’s community engagement core for strategic planning purposes. Interviews were followed by annual planning meetings that employed a facilitated group decision-making process aimed at identifying and prioritizing gaps in the translational research spectrum. In 2011, the stakeholder engagement process identified D&I as a primary gap limiting overall impact of the institution’s research across the translational spectrum. Since that time, our CTSA has created an array of D&I resources falling into four broad categories: (1) relationship building with D&I partners, (2) D&I skill building, (3) translational research resources, and (4) resources to support D&I activities. Our systematic process of stakeholder engagement has increased the impact of research by providing D&I resources to meet investigator and community needs. CTSAs could engage with leaders of their community engagement cores, which are common to all CTSAs, to adapt or adopt these resources to build D&I capacity.

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Situating dissemination and implementation sciences within and across the translational research spectrum - ADDENDUM

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2020.490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 371-371

Author(s):

Aaron L. Leppin ◽

Jane E. Mahoney ◽

Kathleen R. Stevens ◽

Stephen J. Bartels ◽

Laura-Mae Baldwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Translational Research ◽

Dissemination And Implementation

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College Students’ Caffeine Intake Habits and Their Perception of Its Effects

Journal of Education and Development ◽

10.20849/jed.v3i2.607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Andrea R. Van Beek ◽

Megan E. Weier ◽

Kassandra R. Williams ◽

Samuel P. Abraham ◽

Deborah R. Gillum

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Health Belief ◽

College Campuses ◽

College Campus ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Research Questions ◽

Belief Model ◽

The Health Belief Model

Background: Caffeine is a highly used stimulant on college campuses. The prevalence of energy drinks, especially among the younger generations is cause for concern. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the caffeine intake habits of college students and the perception of its effects. Method: The method used was quantitative, cross-sectional, with a descriptive design. The two research questions were: (1) What are the caffeine intake habits of college students? (2) What are the perceptions of the effects of caffeine use among college students? This study was conducted at a college campus in northern Indiana, USA. Participants included 120 male and female students ages 18 years and older. The health belief model was used to guide this study. Results: The study indicated that while caffeine is a commonly used stimulant across campus, overuse was not revealed. Many students reported being able to go 48-72 hours without caffeine and not experiencing withdrawal symptoms when going without it. However, most students do report that they perceive a need to decrease their use of caffeine, as caffeine use has increased since attending college. Conclusion: The review of the literature indicated that the use of caffeine was higher in younger people. However, the research completed as a part of this study from college students indicated that caffeine overuse may not be as prevalent as previously thought.

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Sustainability strategy of Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil industry: a qualitative analysis

Sustainability Accounting Management and Policy Journal ◽

10.1108/sampj-07-2020-0259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ratna Wardhani ◽

Yan Rahadian

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Stakeholder Engagement ◽

Business Models ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Social Strategies ◽

Content Type ◽

Oil Companies ◽

Sustainability Strategies ◽

Sustainability Strategy ◽

Study Results

Purpose Global palm oil production is growing rapidly, especially in Southeast Asia, with Indonesia and Malaysia as the biggest producers. Despite significant contributions to these countries’ economies, environmental and social aspects continue to be debated within this industry. The sustainability strategy is very important for the palm oil industry. This study aims to explore the sustainability strategy using six elements, namely, stakeholder engagement, governance and leadership, sustainability view and the economic, environmental and social strategies of Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil companies. Design/methodology/approach This study observes 21 Indonesian palm oil companies and 44 Malaysian palm oil companies from 2014 to 2018 with a total observation of 280 firm years. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative content analysis of six themes based on the sustainability strategy elements, which was further developed into 40 indicators. Content analysis is carried out on information published in annual reports and sustainability reports. Findings The study results indicate that stakeholder engagement, governance and leadership and strategic view of the palm oil companies in Indonesia and Malaysia are still likely to be weak. Palm oil companies have not demonstrated their focus on implementing economic, environmental and social strategies. Although the results indicate that there is a greater emphasis on environmental and social strategies than on economic issues, attention to both issues is still very low. Practical implications Palm oil companies need to integrate sustainability strategies in their business models and communicate them well to stakeholders to increase their competitive advantage in the palm oil industry. The government also needs to issue stricter rules and incentives to encourage companies to implement sustainability strategies. Social implications The study results provide implications for the communities around palm oil plantations to provide better social control so that companies can implement sustainability strategies in their business processes. Originality/value This study highlights the importance of sustainability practices integrated into palm oil companies’ business models, which have not been well implemented in the palm oil industry in the world’s largest producing countries.

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A Comparison of Stakeholder Engagement Strategies for Offshore Decommissioning Projects in the United Kingdom and Australian Landscape

10.4043/30824-ms ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron Tung

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Stakeholder Engagement ◽

Engagement Strategies ◽

The United Kingdom

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Action Learning Cohort Series: An Innovative Community-Engaged Approach for Translating Research Into Practice

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839919858592 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 63-71

Author(s):

Tiffany L. Young ◽

Lori Carter-Edwards ◽

Leah Frerichs ◽

Melissa A. Green ◽

Kristen Hassmiller-Lich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Translational Research ◽

Systems Thinking ◽

Action Learning ◽

Research Process ◽

Dissemination And Implementation ◽

Research Dissemination ◽

The North ◽

Thinking Strategies ◽

Prevention Of Hypertension

Cultivating strong partnerships among community and academic stakeholders expedites the translation of research findings into practice and communities by enhancing opportunities for research dissemination and implementation. However, the lack of systematic methods for community stakeholder engagement may decelerate the translational research process. The North Carolina Translational Research and Clinical Sciences Institute implemented an innovative approach to community engagement called the Action Learning Cohort (ALC) Series. The ALC Series, a workgroup extension of a professional conference, used action learning and systems thinking strategies to conceptualize and develop a product aimed at preventing, treating, and controlling hypertension in eastern North Carolina. We evaluated the acceptability and practicality of the ALC Series using survey, focus group, and interview pilot data. Action learning and systems thinking strategies led ALC stakeholders to develop and disseminate The Empathy Building Resource Guide: A Toolkit for Enhancing Patient–Provider Relationships in the Treatment, Management, and Prevention of Hypertension. Stakeholders rated the Series as satisfactory and acknowledged gains in knowledge and desire for engagement with fellow ALC stakeholders beyond the Series. The ALC Series approach is a potentially practical and acceptable model for systematically engaging community stakeholders in translating knowledge into a product that addresses health topics like hypertension.

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From community engagement, to community-engaged research, to broadly engaged team science

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2017.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 5-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Harry P. Selker ◽

Consuelo H. Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Translational Research ◽

Academic Research ◽

Team Science ◽

Community Members ◽

For Profit ◽

Community Engaged Research ◽

Foundational Principle ◽

Research Questions ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

Participation In Research

A foundational principle and practice for translational research is active participation of a range of disciplines, referred to as “team science.” It is increasingly apparent that to be relevant and impactful, these teams must also include stakeholders outside the usual academic research community, such as patients, communities, and not-for- and for-profit organizations. To emphasize the need to link the practices of team science and of community-engaged research, we propose a framework that has community members and stakeholders as integral members of the research team, which we term, “broadly engaged team science.” Such transdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder teams will be best suited to pose translational research questions, conduct the research, and interpret and disseminate the results. We think this will generate important and impactful science, and will support the public’s regard for, and participation in, research.

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Stakeholder Engagement Strategies After an Exogenous Shock: How Philip Morris and R. J. Reynolds Adapted Differently to the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement

Business & Society ◽

10.1177/0007650319870818 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 000765031987081

Author(s):

Jennifer J. Griffin ◽

Yoo Na Youm ◽

Ben Vivari

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Stakeholder Engagement ◽

Exogenous Shock ◽

Stakeholder Relationships ◽

Engagement Strategies ◽

Philip Morris ◽

Settlement Agreement ◽

Growth Prospects ◽

Attorneys General ◽

Big Four

This study contributes to understanding stakeholder engagement strategies by examining competitive responses alongside sociopolitical implications after a major exogenous shock—the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) between the “Big Four” U.S. tobacco firms and 46 state attorneys general. We compare the different stakeholder engagement strategies of the two remaining U.S. tobacco manufacturers, Philip Morris (PM) and R. J. Reynolds (RJR), between 1998 and 2017. Implications for stakeholder theory from a relatively rare natural experiment highlight the importance of simultaneously managing multiple stakeholders, inclusive of domestic and international sociopolitical and value chain stakeholders over time, for sustained value creation. Although PM and RJR initially pursued heterogeneous strategies by re-configuring relationships with relevant stakeholders, each firm’s growth prospects for the first decade post-MSA were exacerbated by various stakeholders through withholding and selective engagement strategies. Implications for how multiple, simultaneous stakeholder relationships can serve as important resources for achieving or limiting sustained growth are discussed.

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