Water Cultures Are More Sensitive Than Swab Cultures for the Detection of EnvironmentalLegionella

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke K. Decker ◽  
Patricia L. Harris ◽  
Diana L. Toy ◽  
Robert R. Muder ◽  
Ali F. Sonel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Infect Control Hosp ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

Water cultures were significantly more sensitive than concurrently collected swab cultures (n=2,147 each) in detectingLegionella pneumophilawithin a Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Sensitivity for water versus swab cultures was 90% versus 30% overall, 83% versus 48% during a nosocomial Legionnaires’ disease outbreak, and 93% versus 22% post outbreak.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:108–110

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of the HistoricalLegionella pneumophilaStrains OLDA and Pontiac

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Mercante ◽  
Shatavia S. Morrison ◽  
Brian H. Raphael ◽  
Jonas M. Winchell
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

Here, we report the complete genome sequences ofLegionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 strains OLDA and Pontiac, which predate the 1976 Philadelphia Legionnaires’ disease outbreak. Strain OLDA was isolated in 1947 from an apparent sporadic case, and strain Pontiac caused an explosive outbreak at a Michigan health department in 1968.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Three Outbreak-Associated Legionella pneumophila Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatavia S. Morrison ◽  
Heta P. Desai ◽  
Jeffrey W. Mercante ◽  
Pascal Lapierre ◽  
Brian H. Raphael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Large Study ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Environmental Isolate ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Specific Virulence

We report here the complete genome sequences of three Legionella pneumophila isolates that are associated with a Legionnaires’ disease outbreak in New York in 2012. Two clinical isolates (D7630 and D7632) and one environmental isolate (D7631) were recovered from this outbreak. A single isolate-specific virulence gene was found in D7632. These isolates were included in a large study evaluating the genomic resolution of various bioinformatics approaches for L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates.

scholarly journals A large Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Pamplona, Spain: early detection, rapid control and no case fatality

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CASTILLA ◽  
A. BARRICARTE ◽  
J. ALDAZ ◽  
M. GARCÍA CENOZ ◽  
T. FERRER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Null Case ◽  
Environmental Actions ◽  
Rapid Control ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

SUMMARYAn outbreak of Legionnaire's disease was detected in Pamplona, Spain, on 1 June 2006. Patients with pneumonia were tested to detectLegionella pneumophilaantigen in urine (Binax Now; Binax Inc., Scarborough, ME, USA), and all 146 confirmed cases were interviewed. The outbreak was related to district 2 (22 012 inhabitants), where 45% of the cases lived and 50% had visited; 5% lived in neighbouring districts. The highest incidence was found in the resident population of district 2 (3/1000 inhabitants), section 2 (14/1000). All 31 cooling towers of district 2 were analysed.L. pneumophilaantigen (Binax Now) was detected in four towers, which were closed on 2 June. Only the strain isolated in a tower situated in section 2 of district 2 matched all five clinical isolates, as assessed by mAb and two genotyping methods, AFLP and PFGE. Eight days after closing the towers, new cases ceased appearing. Early detection and rapid coordinated medical and environmental actions permitted immediate control of the outbreak and probably contributed to the null case fatality.

scholarly journals Legionnaires’ Disease Outbreak Caused by Endemic Strain of Legionella pneumophila, New York, New York, USA, 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1784-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Lapierre ◽  
Elizabeth Nazarian ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Danielle Wroblewski ◽  
Amy Saylors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Endemic Strain

scholarly journals Gene flow in environmental Legionella pneumophila leads to genetic and pathogenic heterogeneity within a Legionnaires’ disease outbreak

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R McAdam ◽  
Charles W Vander Broek ◽  
Diane SJ Lindsay ◽  
Melissa J Ward ◽  
Mary F Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

scholarly journals Gene flow in environmental Legionella pneumophila leads to genetic and pathogenic heterogeneity within a Legionnaires¿ disease outbreak

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R McAdam ◽  
Charles W Vander Broek ◽  
Diane S J Lindsay ◽  
Melissa J Ward ◽  
Mary F Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

scholarly journals Efficacy of SCH27899 in an Animal Model of Legionnaires' Disease Using Immunocompromised A/J Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1333-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan K. Brieland ◽  
David Loebenberg ◽  
Fred Menzel ◽  
Roberta S. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Contrast Administration ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Lung Infections

ABSTRACT The efficacy of SCH27899, a new everninomicin antibiotic, against replicative Legionella pneumophila lung infections in an immunocompromised host was evaluated using a murine model of Legionnaires' disease. A/J mice were immunocompromised with cortisone acetate and inoculated intratracheally with L. pneumophilaserogroup 1 (105 CFU per mouse). At 24 h postinoculation, mice were administered either SCH27899 (6 to 60 mg/kg [MPK] intravenously) or a placebo once daily for 5 days, and mortality and intrapulmonary growth of L. pneumophila were assessed. In the absence of SCH27899, there was 100% mortality inL. pneumophila-infected mice, with exponential intrapulmonary growth of the bacteria. In contrast, administration of SCH27899 at a dose of ≥30 MPK resulted in ≥90% survival of infected mice, which was associated with inhibition of intrapulmonary growth ofL. pneumophila. In subsequent studies, the efficacy of SCH27899 was compared to ofloxacin (OFX) and azithromycin (AZI). Administration of SCH27899, OFX, or AZI at a dose of ≥30 MPK once daily for 5 days resulted in ≥85% survival of infected mice and inhibition of intrapulmonary growth of the bacteria. However, L. pneumophila CFU were recovered in lung homogenates following cessation of therapy with all three antibiotics. These studies demonstrate that SCH27899 effectively prevents fatal replicativeL. pneumophila lung infection in immunocompromised A/J mice by inhibition of intrapulmonary growth of the bacteria. However, in this murine model of pulmonary legionellosis, SCH27899, like OFX and AZI, was bacteriostatic.

Subtyping ofLegionella pneumophilaisolates by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 846-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ledesma ◽  
J. Llorca ◽  
M. A. Dasí ◽  
M. L. Camaró ◽  
E. Carbonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Resort Hotel ◽  
Different Water Sources

Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to differentiate strains of Legionella pneumophila isolated from different water sources in a resort hotel in Benidorm, Alicante, Spain, where an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurred among a group of tourists between 65 and 80 years of age. All isolates were L. pneumophila serogroup 1, subtype Pontiac (Knoxville 1). Five different patterns (P1 to P5) were obtained by AP-PCR. The number of bands per pattern varied between 4 and 11. Patterns P1 and P2 represented 60 and 20% of L. pneumophila isolates, respectively. Since different subpopulations of L. pneumophila coexisted (up to three different AP-PCR patterns were identified in a single room), it was not possible to link an individual L. pneumophila strain to the occurrence of this outbreak.Key words: Legionella pneumophila, AP-PCR, subtyping, outbreak.

scholarly journals Human Lung Tissue Explants Reveal Novel Interactions during Legionella pneumophila Infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Jäger ◽  
Sebastian Marwitz ◽  
Jana Tiefenau ◽  
Janine Rasch ◽  
Olga Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Human Lung Tissue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tissue Explants ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

ABSTRACTHistological and clinical investigations describe late stages of Legionnaires' disease but cannot characterize early events of human infection. Cellular or rodent infection models lack the complexity of tissue or have nonhuman backgrounds. Therefore, we developed and applied a novel model forLegionella pneumophilainfection comprising living human lung tissue. We stimulated lung explants withL. pneumophilastrains and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to analyze tissue damage, bacterial replication, and localization as well as the transcriptional response of infected tissue. Interestingly, we found that extracellular adhesion ofL. pneumophilato the entire alveolar lining precedes bacterial invasion and replication in recruited macrophages. In contrast, OMVs predominantly bound to alveolar macrophages. Specific damage to septa and epithelia increased over 48 h and was stronger in wild-type-infected and OMV-treated samples than in samples infected with the replication-deficient, type IVB secretion-deficient DotA−strain. Transcriptome analysis of lung tissue explants revealed a differential regulation of 2,499 genes after infection. The transcriptional response included the upregulation of uteroglobin and the downregulation of the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the downregulation of MARCO at sites of pathogen-induced tissue destruction. Neither host factor has ever been described in the context ofL. pneumophilainfections. This work demonstrates that the tissue explant model reproduces realistic features of Legionnaires' disease and reveals new functions for bacterial OMVs during infection. Our model allows us to characterize early steps of human infection which otherwise are not feasible for investigations.

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