scholarly journals Developed liquid film passing a smoothed and wedge-shaped trailing edge: small-scale analysis and the ‘teapot effect’ at large Reynolds numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Scheichl ◽  
R.I. Bowles ◽  
G. Pasias
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Weber Number ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Plate Edge ◽  
Wetting Properties

Recently, the authors considered a thin steady developed viscous free-surface flow passing the sharp trailing edge of a horizontally aligned flat plate under surface tension and the weak action of gravity, acting vertically, in the asymptotic slender-layer limit (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 850, 2018, pp. 924–953). We revisit the capillarity-driven short-scale viscous–inviscid interaction, on account of the inherent upstream influence, immediately downstream of the edge and scrutinise flow detachment on all smaller scales. We adhere to the assumption of a Froude number so large that choking at the plate edge is insignificant but envisage the variation of the relevant Weber number of $O(1)$ . The main focus, tackled essentially analytically, is the continuation of the structure of the flow towards scales much smaller than the interactive ones and where it no longer can be treated as slender. As a remarkable phenomenon, this analysis predicts harmonic capillary ripples of Rayleigh type, prevalent on the free surface upstream of the trailing edge. They exhibit an increase of both the wavelength and amplitude as the characteristic Weber number decreases. Finally, the theory clarifies the actual detachment process, within a rational description of flow separation. At this stage, the wetting properties of the fluid and the microscopically wedge-shaped edge, viewed as infinitely thin on the larger scales, come into play. As this geometry typically models the exit of a spout, the predicted wetting of the wedge is related to what in the literature is referred to as the teapot effect.

Viscous Free-Surface Flow Past Twin Vertical Cylinders

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Allen T. Chwang
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Suction Force ◽  
Large Scale Vortex ◽  
Vertical Cylinders

The laminar flow behaviors around two vertical circular cylinders (in a tandem arrangement) that pierce a free surface are investigated by the finite element method in this paper. The computational results exhibit two major free-surface effects: the presence of a free surface allows the occurrence of small-scale Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, but suppresses the onset of large-scale vortex alternating behavior. It is also found that the vorticity will expand in a necklace shape adjacent to the free surface. The second cylinder may experience a persisting suction force due to “trapped” vortices in the gap between the two cylinders, which may not happen in the absence of a free surface.

Free surface flow over square bars at different Reynolds numbers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Jalalabadi ◽  
Thorsten Stoesser ◽  
Pablo Ouro ◽  
Qianyu Luo ◽  
Zhihua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Surface Flow

scholarly journals First order perturbation approach for the free surface flow over a step with large Weber number

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
May Manal BOUNIF ◽  
Abdelkader GASMI
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Weber Number ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Perturbation Approach ◽  
Bernoulli’S Equation ◽  
Nonlinear Condition ◽  
Small Inclination

The problem of two-dimensional free surface flow of inviscid and incompressible fluid over a step is considered. The flow is assumed to be as steady and irrotational, the effect of the surface tension is considered, but the gravity force is neglected. This problem is characterized by the nonlinear condition given by Bernoulli's equation on the unknown free surface, which can be considered as part of the solution. The main purpose of this work is to give an approximate solution of this problem, by using the Hilbert transformation and the perturbation technique; the results are calculated for a large values of the Weber number and small inclination angle of the step values. These results demonstrate that the used method is easily implemented, and provides approximate solutions to these kinds of problems.

Measurements of the Free Surface Flow Structure Under an Impinging, Free Liquid Jet

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevens ◽  
B. W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Flow Structure ◽  
Liquid Layer ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Radial Coordinate ◽  
Measured Velocity

The objective of this research was to characterize the flow structure under an impinging liquid jet striking a flat, normally oriented surface. The approach was the measurement of the free surface velocities of the jet prior to impingement and the surface velocities of the radially spreading liquid layer. A novel laser-Doppler velocimetry technique was used. The LDV system was configured such that the measurement volume would span the time-dependent fluctuations of the free surface, with the surface velocity being measured. The mean and fluctuating components of a single direction of the velocity vector were measured. It was found that the radial liquid layer data collapsed well over the range of jet Reynolds numbers 16,000 < Re < 47,000 if plotted in dimensionless coordinates, where the measured velocity was normalized by the average jet exit velocity and the radial coordinate was normalized by the nozzle diameter. Mean liquid layer depths were inferred from the velocity measurements by assuming a velocity profile across the layer, and were reported. Pre-impingement jet measurements suggest that the flow development is nearly complete two diameters from the nozzle exit.

scholarly journals Gravity-driven granular free-surface flow around a circular cylinder

2013 ◽  
Vol 720 ◽  
pp. 314-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Cui ◽  
J. M. N. T. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Circular Cylinder ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shallow Water Flows ◽  
Free Region ◽  
Gravity Driven

AbstractSnow avalanches and other hazardous geophysical granular flows, such as debris flows, lahars and pyroclastic flows, often impact on obstacles as they flow down a slope, generating rapid changes in the flow height and velocity in their vicinity. It is important to understand how a granular material flows around such obstacles to improve the design of deflecting and catching dams, and to correctly interpret field observations. In this paper small-scale experiments and numerical simulations are used to investigate the supercritical gravity-driven free-surface flow of a granular avalanche around a circular cylinder. Our experiments show that a very sharp bow shock wave and a stagnation point are generated in front of the cylinder. The shock standoff distance is accurately reproduced by shock-capturing numerical simulations and is approximately equal to the reciprocal of the Froude number, consistent with previous approximate results for shallow-water flows. As the grains move around the cylinder the flow expands and the pressure gradients rapidly accelerate the particles up to supercritical speeds again. The internal pressure is not strong enough to immediately push the grains into the space behind the cylinder and instead a grain-free region, or granular vacuum, forms on the lee side. For moderate upstream Froude numbers and slope inclinations, the granular vacuum closes up rapidly to form a triangular region, but on steeper slopes both experiments and numerical simulations show that the pinch-off distance moves far downstream.

scholarly journals PIV Study on Grid-Generated Turbulence in a Free Surface Flow

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Haoyu Yao ◽  
Linlin Cao ◽  
Dazhuan Wu ◽  
Yangyang Gao ◽  
Shijie Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Grid Turbulence ◽  
Integral Scale ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
Scale Motion

To investigate the feature of turbulence developing behind the filter device in a current flow, the flow fields at intermediate downstream distance of an immersed grid in an open water channel are recorded using a two-dimensional (2D) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. The measurements on a series of vertical and horizontal sections are conducted to reveal the stream-wise evolution and depth diversity of grid turbulence in the free surface flow. Unlike the previous experiments by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and Hot-Wire Anemometry (HWA), the integral scales and space-time correlations are estimated without using the Taylor hypothesis in this paper. The distributions of mean velocity, turbulence intensity and integral scale show the transition behavior of grid-generated flow from perturbations to fully merged homogenous turbulence. The distributions of velocity and turbulence intensity become more uniform with increasing distance. While the spatial divergence of integral scale becomes more pronounced as the flow structures develop downstream. The vertical distributions of flow parameters reveal the diversity of flow characteristics in the water depth direction influenced by free surface and the outer part of turbulence boundary layer (TBL) from the channel bottom. The applicability of the newly proposed two-order elliptic approximation model for the space-time correlations of the decaying grid turbulence in channel flow is verified at different positions. The calculated convection velocity for large-scale motion and sweep velocity for small-scale motion based on this model bring a new insight into the dynamic pattern of this type of flow.

scholarly journals Laminar free-surface flow into a vertical cylinder

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Smith ◽  
J.O. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Vertical Cylinder ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow

Free-Surface Flow Simulations With Interactively Moving Bodies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. P. Veldman ◽  
Henk Seubers ◽  
Peter van der Plas ◽  
Joop Helder
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Numerical Solution Method ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Floating Object ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Floating Objects ◽  
Moving Bodies

The simulation of free-surface flow around moored or floating objects faces a series of challenges, concerning the flow modelling and the numerical solution method. One of the challenges is the simulation of objects whose dynamics is determined by a two-way interaction with the incoming waves. The ‘traditional’ way of numerically coupling the flow dynamics with the dynamics of a floating object becomes unstable (or requires severe underrelaxation) when the added mass is larger than the mass of the object. To deal with this two-way interaction, a more simultaneous type of numerical coupling is being developed. The paper will focus on this issue. To demonstrate the quasi-simultaneous method, a number of simulation results for engineering applications from the offshore industry will be presented, such as the motion of a moored TLP platform in extreme waves, and a free-fall life boat dropping into wavy water.

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