Full-Scale Measurements of Wind Characteristics on a High-Rise Building during Typhoon Sarika

A full-scale measurement of wind characteristics atop a high-rise building (with a height of 115 m) was conducted during the passage of Typhoon Sarika on 18 October 2016. Wind field characteristics, wind speed, and wind direction atop the building were recorded synchronously, and turbulence intensity, turbulence integral scale, gust factor, and power spectrum were investigated. Meanwhile, the time and frequency domain characteristics of the wind field were analyzed. The stationarity test results of Typhoon Sarika at different time steps are researched in a runs test. And the time-frequency analysis of non-stationary samples of fluctuating wind speed are conducted by wavelet transform, the measured data are valuable for the wind-resistant design of high-rise buildings in typhoon-prone regions.

The characteristics of weather-related wind load parameters and wind 2 power quality over the Dabanchen strong gale area

Analysis of data from cup and ultrasonic anemometers on a 100 m-tall wind mast in the Dabanchen Canyon reveals that the turbulence intensities, gust factors, and peak factors measured by cup anemometers tend to be severely undervalued compared to longitudinal values from an ultrasonic anemometer, and onsite three-dimensional measurement data are preferred for weather-related wind load calculation. This difference is related to the rotating responses of cup anemometers during wind speed acceleration or deceleration and the higher vertical fluctuation speeds driven by dynamic interactions with the sloped canyon terrain. The higher lateral turbulence is key consideration for determining wind turbine classes in Danbanchen strong wind area. The longitudinal gust and peak factors under wind speeds exceeding 25.0 m s−1 are comparable with those of typhoon-prone open, flat regions. The chances of high turbulence and unstable stratification convective processes are very high; thus, wind power collection efficiencies are not high. Except the longitudinal turbulence integral scale, China’s wind-resistance codes are not applicable due to occasional undesirable strong gales with extraordinary turbulence structures. The measured vertical power spectral density of fluctuating wind in the high-frequency domain cannot reflect the rapidly adapting features of the vast terrain under strong gales.

The characteristics of weather-related wind load parameters and wind power quality over the Dabanchen strong gale area

Analysis of data from cup and ultrasonic anemometers on a 100 m-tall wind mast in the Dabanchen Canyon reveals that the turbulence intensities, gust factors, and peak factors measured by cup anemometers tend to be severely undervalued compared to longitudinal values from an ultrasonic anemometer, and onsite three-dimensional measurement data are preferred for weather-related wind load calculation. This difference is related to the rotating responses of cup anemometers during wind speed acceleration or deceleration and the higher vertical fluctuation speeds driven by dynamic interactions with the sloped canyon terrain. The higher lateral turbulence is key consideration for determining wind turbine classes in Danbanchen strong wind area. The longitudinal gust and peak factors under wind speeds exceeding 25.0 m s−1 are comparable with those of typhoon-prone open, flat regions. The chances of high turbulence and unstable stratification convective processes are very high; thus, wind power collection efficiencies are not high. Except the longitudinal turbulence integral scale, China’s wind-resistance codes are not applicable due to occasional undesirable strong gales with extraordinary turbulence structures. The measured vertical power spectral density of fluctuating wind in the high-frequency domain cannot reflect the rapidly adapting features of the vast terrain under strong gales.

Social capital in e-commerce era: toward a deeper knowledge of its conceptualization and empirical measurement in agribusiness

PurposeE-commerce, with technology as its backbone, is an indispensable business trend associated with the wave of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Recently, its intensifying role has also been noticed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, technology adoption to pursue an e-commerce model for agribusinessmen is not easy, while the COVID-19 has made them lose customers and led them to crises. In that context, the role of social capital (SC) has increasingly been paid significant attention, especially for micro and family businesses. Agribusinessmen can use SC to adopt technology, renew and reinforce their businesses in the global agricultural supply chain disruption context. However, there seems to be a dearth of an integral measurement of social capital (IMSC) to apply to the practice effectively. Recognizing this need, the current study aims to develop an integral scale for SC.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a widely accepted and rigorous scale development process, a mixed-methods research design and essential statistical techniques to develop an IMSC.FindingsThe result develops an IMSC consisting of nine facets: linking-corporate, bonding-bridging, trust in political institutions, trust in public services, generalized social trust, norms and social sanctions, subjective safety, civicness and community cohesiveness. The scales of these facets are found to be unidimensional, reliable and valid.Originality/valueThis is the first study developing an IMSC to contribute to the extant literature. The study also provides managerial implications for practitioners to strengthen SC and adopt technology to improve their businesses.

Psychodynamic personal predictors of alcohol addiction propensity for lawenforcement officers

The article is devoted to the study of personality predictors of alcohol addiction propensity of internal affairs bodies employees within innovative psychodynamic G. Ammon’s (psychoanalytic) approach and structural-dynamic concept of personality. The novelty of the research is the original author’s psychodiagnostic toolkit – Psychodynamically oriented personality questionnaire (POLO) «Resource» and an expert psychodiagnostic system for assessing and predicting the professional psychological health of lawenforcers based on the assessment of central self-functions of the individual rooted in the unconscious. The relevance of the study is due to a significant number of violations of job discipline and legality. That includes accidents committed by employees while intoxicated, often with serious consequences and criminal prosecution, as well as the fairly widespread and concealed cases of alcohol addictions among lawenforcement officers. Another important factor is lack of effective methods of psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection and psychoprophylaxis. The study is based on a comparative analysis of 2 representative polar groups of internal affairs officers: the one verified prone and another of not prone to alcohol abuse. The study revealed that employees prone to alcohol addiction demonstrate a number of reliable psychodynamic personality characteristics that can be viewed as predictors: destructive aggression, deficit fear, deficient internal self-delimitation, as well as the general predominance of destructive-deficient components of the personal self-structure; indicators of psychosomatic, behavioral and neurotic maladaptation, and the integral scale of the general socio-psycho-somatic problem of POLO «Resource». The practical significance of the study is determined by the development of psychodynamic predictors and a special psychodiagnostic scale of propensity for alcohol addiction based on the Resource POLO, which can be used as an effective psychodiagnostic tool when conducting screening and monitoring psychoprophylactic examinations of employees and individual psychocorrectional work within the framework of the psychological support system of employees.

Scale-invariant spins and tumbles in turbulence

A Lagrangian perspective has yielded many new insights in our quest to reveal the intricacies of turbulent flows. Much of this progress has been possible by following the trajectories of idealised, inertialess objects (tracers) traversing through the flow. Their spins and tumbles provide a glimpse into the underlying local velocity gradients of the turbulent field. While it is known that the spinning and tumbling rates of anisotropic particles are modified in turbulence – compared with those in a random flow field – a quantitative explanation for this has remained elusive. Now, Pujara et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 922, 2021, R6) have made an attempt to predict the split between spinning and tumbling rates by accessing the particle's alignment with the local vorticity. Their analysis of filtered turbulent fields reveals a Lagrangian scale invariance, whereby key quantities relating to the particle's rotational statistics are preserved from the dissipative to the integral scale.

Eating behavior as a form of self-attitude

The article focuses on the study of personality self-attitudes and the type of eating behavior. The correlation, comparison and qualitative analysis are an attempt to understand the relationship between the type of eating behavior and attitude of the individual to himself. The obtained results help a better understanding and differentiation of a person's formation, expressed through self-attitudes and its derivatives, which form the self-concept of personality, which, in turn, makes it possible to further introduce this experience into psychocorrectional assistance to a person, in particular: to draw up a program for correcting a person’s self-attitude, which, in turn, will help balance his eating behavior. The purpose is to study the type of eating behavior and its relationship with a person's attitude to himself. Research methods: During the study, the following methods were applied:correlation, comparative and qualitative analysis, tests with standardized questionnaires. Results: With the help of comparative and qualitative analysis, three types of eating behavior were analyzed and compared with the characteristics of self-esteem, and it was found that the key scales by which groups are differentiated are: integral scale S “self-relation” (p≤.029) and scale “self-acceptance” (р≤.039). In a comparative analysis of the data obtained from the experimental and control groups, it was found that the eating behavior for the respondents of the experimental group (with eating disorders) is characterized by high tension in two types: emotional and external types of eating behavior. Conclusions. The study of the "self-relation" factor, which is a structural component of the “Self”, also reveals differences between the two groups. It is concluded that eating disorders are closely related to the balance of structural components of the self, such as: self-esteem, self-acceptance, self-interest, which, in turn, affect the psycho-emotional state of a person.Keyw ords:emotional type of eating behavior, external type of eating behavior, restrictive type of eating behavior, self-relation, features of self-relation, experimental group, control group. Стаття фокусується на вивченні самоставлення особистості та типу харчової поведінки. За допомогою кореляційного, порівняльного та якісного аналізу здійснюється спроба зрозуміти тип харчової поведінки з формою ставлення особистості до себе. Отримані результати допомагають кращому розумінню і диференціації становлення людини, що виражається через самоставлення і його деривати, які формують Я-концепцію особистості. Дозволяє у подальшому впровадити цей досвід у психокорекційну допомогу людині, зокрема: скласти програму корекції самоставлення особистості, що, у свою чергу, допоможе збалансувати її хар-чову поведінку. Метою є вивчення типу харчовоїповедінки та співвідношення його зі ставленням людини до себе. У ході дослідження були застосовані наступні методи: кореляційний, порівняльний та якісний аналіз, тести зі стандартизованими анкетами. За допомогою порівняльного та якісного аналізу було проаналізовано три типи харчовоїповедінки та порівняно з особливостями самоставлення особистості. Встановлено, що ключо-вими шкалами, за якими диференціюються групи, є: шкала S “глобальне самоставлення” (р≤.029) та шкала “самоприйняття” (р≤.039). При порівняльному аналізі отриманих даних експериментальноїта контрольної груп було встановлено, що харчова поведінка для респондентів експериментальноїгрупи (із порушенням харчової поведінки) відрізняється більшою напругою по двох типах: емоційному та екстернальному типам харчової поведінки. Дослідження фактору “самоставлення”, який є структурним компонентом “Я”,також виявляє відмінності між двома групами. Зроблено висновок, що порушення харчової поведінки тісно пов’язано зі збалансованістю структурних компонентів Я, таких як: самоставлення, самоприйняття, самоінтерес, які, в свою чергу, впливають на психоемоційний стан людини. Отримані результати дослідження доцільно операціоналізувати в психокорекційних і психопрофілактичних програмах в рамках роботи з порушенням харчової поведінки особистості.Ключовіслова: емоційний тип харчової поведінки, екстернальний тип харчової поведінки, обмежувальний тип харчової поведінки, самоставлення, особливості самоставлення, експериментальна група, контрольна група.

PIV Study on Grid-Generated Turbulence in a Free Surface Flow

To investigate the feature of turbulence developing behind the filter device in a current flow, the flow fields at intermediate downstream distance of an immersed grid in an open water channel are recorded using a two-dimensional (2D) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. The measurements on a series of vertical and horizontal sections are conducted to reveal the stream-wise evolution and depth diversity of grid turbulence in the free surface flow. Unlike the previous experiments by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and Hot-Wire Anemometry (HWA), the integral scales and space-time correlations are estimated without using the Taylor hypothesis in this paper. The distributions of mean velocity, turbulence intensity and integral scale show the transition behavior of grid-generated flow from perturbations to fully merged homogenous turbulence. The distributions of velocity and turbulence intensity become more uniform with increasing distance. While the spatial divergence of integral scale becomes more pronounced as the flow structures develop downstream. The vertical distributions of flow parameters reveal the diversity of flow characteristics in the water depth direction influenced by free surface and the outer part of turbulence boundary layer (TBL) from the channel bottom. The applicability of the newly proposed two-order elliptic approximation model for the space-time correlations of the decaying grid turbulence in channel flow is verified at different positions. The calculated convection velocity for large-scale motion and sweep velocity for small-scale motion based on this model bring a new insight into the dynamic pattern of this type of flow.

Optimization strategies for efficient high-resolution volcanic plume simulations with OpenFOAM

<p>In the last years, the interest in three-dimensional  physico-mathematical models for volcanic plumes has grown, motivated by the need of predicting accurately the dispersal patterns of volcanic ash in the atmosphere (to mitigate the risks for civil aviation and for the nearby inhabited regions) and pushed by improved remote sensing techniques and measurements. However, limitations due to the mesh resolution and numerical accuracy as well as the complexity entailed model formulations, have so far prevented a detailed study of turbulence in volcanic plumes at high resolution. Eruptive columns are indeed multiphase gas-particle turbulent flows, in which the largest (integral) scale is in the order of tens or hundreds of kilometers and the smallest scale is of the order of microns. Performing accurate numerical simulations of such phenomena remains therefore a challenging task.</p><p>Modern HPC resources and recent model developments enable the study of multiphase turbulent structures of volcanic plumes with an unprecedented level of detail. However, a number of issues of the present model implementation need to be addressed in order to efficiently use the computational resources of modern supercomputing machines. Here we present an overview of an optimization strategy that allows us to perform large parallel simulations of volcanic plumes using ASHEE, a numerical solver based on OpenFOAM and one of the target flagship codes of the project ChEESE (Centre of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth). Such optimizations include: mixed precision floating point operations to increase computational speed and reduce memory usage, optimal domain decomposition for better communication load balancing and asynchronous I/O to hide I/O costs. Scaling analysis and volcanic plume simulations are presented to demonstrate the improvement in both computational performances and computing capability.</p>

Hydroxychloroquine in patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19): a case-control study

Actuality One of the most widely discussed treatments for patients with COVID-19, especially at the beginning of the epidemy, was the use of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The first small non-randomized trials showed the ability of HCQ and its combination with azithromycin to accelerate the elimination of the virus and ease the acute phase of the disease. Later, large, randomized trials did not confirm it (RECOVERY, SOLIDARITY). This study is a case-control study in which we compared patients who received and did not receive HCQ.Material and Methods 103 patients (25 in the HCQ treatment group and 78 in the control group) with confirmed COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA was detected in 26 of 73 in the control group (35.6%) and in 10 of 25 (40%) in the HCQ group) and in the rest - a typical picture of viral pneumonia on multislice computed tomography [MSCT]) were included in the analysis. The severity of lung damage was limited to stages I-II, the CRP level should not exceed 60 mg/dL, and oxygen saturation in the air within 92-98%. We planned to analysis the duration of treatment of patients in the hospital, the days until the normalization of body temperature, the number of points according to the original SHOCS-COVID integral scale, and changes in its components (C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and the percentage of lung damage according to MSCT).Results Analysis for the whole group revealed a statistically significant increase in the time to normalization of body temperature from 4 to 7 days (by 3 days, p<0.001), and the duration of hospitalization from 9.4 to 11.8 days (by 2.4 days, p=0.002) when using HCQ in comparison with control. Given the incomplete balance of the groups, the main analysis included 46 patients who were matched by propensity score matching. The trend towards similar dynamics continued. HCQ treatment slowed down the time to normalization of body temperature by 1.8 days (p=0.074) and lengthened the hospitalization time by 2.1 days (p=0.042). The decrease in scores on the SHOCS -COVID scale was statistically significant in both groups, and there were no differences between them (delta - 3.00 (2.90) in the HCQ group and - 2.69 (1.55) in control, p=0.718). At the same time, in the control group, the CRP level returned to normal (4.06 mg/dl), and with the use of GC, it decreased but remained above the norm (6.21 mg/dl, p=0.05). Side effects requiring discontinuation of treatment were reported in 3 patients in the HCQ group and none in the control group.Conclusion We have not identified any positive properties of HCQ and its ability to influence the severity of COVID-19. This antimalarial agent slows down the normalization of the body's inflammatory response and lengthens the time spent in the hospital. HCQ should not be used in the treatment of COVID-19.