The Fate of “Small Twins”: A Four-year Follow-up Study of Low Birthweight and Prematurely Born Twins

1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alin Åkerman ◽  
P.A. Thomassen
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Follow Up Study

AbstractThis follow-up study of twins includes 35 families from the Stockholm area. One section concerns the physical and mental development of the twins. The other sections compare the development of the children with their parents' expectations of them and the parents' feelings about the delivery. Seven twin pairs (20%) in the total group were born before 37 complete gestational weeks. Thirty-seven of the twins weighed less than 2,500g at birth; of these, 23 (9 boys and 14 girls) weighed less than 2,500g, although they were born after 37 gestational weeks. At four years of age, 22 of the 68 twins still showed some impairment of locomotor, language/speech and emotional development, as assessed by the Griffiths Mental Development Scales. All the prematurely born and small-for-date infants were in this group. There also seems to be a relationship between developmental problems and the mother's negative or ambivalent expectations concerning the twin pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Dynamic Exploration to Virtual Anatomical Learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Maarten Luursema ◽  
Willem B. Verwey
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Virtual Learning ◽  
Virtual Learning Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Depth ◽  
Follow Up Study

Virtual Learning Environments are increasingly becoming part of the medical curriculum. In a previous study we (luursema et al., 2006) found that a combination of computer-implementedstereopsis(visual depth through seeing with both eyes) anddynamic exploration(being able to continuously change one's viewpoint relative to the studied objects in real time) is beneficial to anatomical learning, especially for subjects of lowvisuo spatial ability(the ability to form, retrieve, and manipulate mental representations of a visuo-spatial nature). A follow-up study (luursema et al., 2008) found the contribution of computer-implemented stereopsis to this effect to be small but significant. The present experiment investigated the contribution of dynamic exploration to anatomical learning by means of a virtual learning environment. Seventy participants were tested for visuo-spatial ability and were grouped in pairs matched for this ability. One individual of the pair actively manipulated a 3D reconstruction of the human abdomen; the other individual passively watched the interactions of the first individual on a separate screen. Learning was assessed by two anatomical learning tests. Dynamic exploration provided a small but significant benefit to anatomical learning.

Eight-Year Follow-up of Cognitive Development in 33 Twin Pairs

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alin Åkerman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Performance Scale ◽  
Negative Expectations ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThis is a follow-up study of twins, including 33 twinpairs from the Stockholm area, aiming to study the cognitive development of twins at eight years of age. The twins have been followed at different ages from birth onwards. All children were tested with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children in a Swedish translation (WISC). The WISC test consists of a Verbal and a Performance Scale. There were no significant differences between twin girls and twin boys on these Scales. On the Performance subtests Block Design, Object Assembly, and Coding, however, the twin girls performed significantly better than the twin boys. In comparing cognitive development for twins and singletons, the twin group had somewhat lower average scores than the singletons. Prematurity and low birth weight continued to be related to cognitive development at eight years of age. Also at this age the school teacher completed a questionnaire about the twins social behaviour and some personality traits. There was a relation between one questionnaire factor, a low score of assertiveness, and the mother's negative or ambivalent expectations concerning the twin pregnancy. The twin group with the mother's negative expectations also had significantly lower results on the subtests Comprehension and Coding. Negative mothers had more premature twins than mothers who were positive toward the twin pregnancy.

scholarly journals Peer-to-peer learning through research: a case study in delivering a healthcare message

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Ilias ◽  
Jill Barber
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Second Year

This case study describes a recent learning activity involving pharmacy undergraduate students in which a final (fourth) year student trained 21 second year students to administer questionnaires about antibiotic resistance to over 700 student users of a large university building. The aim was to raise awareness of the problem of antibiotic resistance.  The second year students were also trained to correct any misapprehensions held by the questionnaire participants about antibiotic resistance, and to encourage them to become "Antibiotic Guardians". Finally the 22 students analysed the data to give a picture of what the other students understood about antibiotic resistance.  Peer-assisted learning therefore cascaded from a single fourth year student to 21 second year students and then to 700 students from various disciplines and year groups.  The first stage of the cascade was evaluated and the 21 second year students overwhelmingly believed that their knowledge of antibiotic resistance was enhanced.  A follow-up study using the same questionnaire will be used to determine whether the exercise was effective in raising awareness of antibiotic resistance among the body of students surveyed.

scholarly journals Potential immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guita Rubinsky-Elefant ◽  
Sumie Hoshino-Shimizu ◽  
Cristina Miuki Abe Jacob ◽  
Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez ◽  
Antonio Walter Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Iga Antibodies

In human toxocariasis, there are few approaches using immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment. An immunoblot (IB) assay using excretory-secretory Toxocara canis antigen was standardized for monitoring IgG, IgE and IgA antibodies in 27 children with toxocariasis (23 visceral, three mixed visceral and ocular, and one ocular form) for 22-116 months after chemotherapy. IB sensitivity was 100% for IgG antibodies to bands of molecular weight 29-38, 48-54, 95-116, 121-162, >205 kDa, 80.8% for IgE to 29-38, 48-54, 95-121, > 205 kDa, and 65.4% for IgA to 29-38, 48-54, 81-93 kDa. Candidates for diagnostic markers should be IgG antibodies to bands of low molecular weight (29-38 and 48-54 kDa). One group of patients presented the same antibody reactivity to all bands throughout the follow-up study; in the other group, antibodies decayed partially or completely to some or all bands, but these changes were not correlated with time after chemotherapy. Candidates for monitoring patients after chemotherapy may be IgG antibodies to > 205 kDa fractions, IgA to 29-38, 48-54, 81-93 kDa and IgE to 95-121 kDa. Further identification of antigen epitopes related to these markers will allow the development of sensitive and specific immunoassays for the diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis.

PROGNOSIS IN INFANTILE SPASMS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-721
Author(s):  
L. L. Burnett ◽  
E. L. Gibbs ◽  
F. A. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

A follow-up study has been conducted on 27 patients who had infantile spasms and normal electroencephalograms before the age of 1 year, and who did not have hypsarhythmia, the electroencephalographic abnormality which is usual in this condition. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the absence of electroencephalographic abnormality alters the prognosis. Less than half of the patients were found to be physically or mentally retarded and only one quarter still had seizures, which is somewhat better than was previously reported for cases with hypsarhythmia. However, the difference in prognosis is most evident as regards mental development: The present data indicate that there is a 55% chance that a child with infantile spasms and a normal electroencephalogram will develop normal mentality; the chance is only 15% with hypsarhythmia.

Developmental problems in patients with oesophageal atresia: a longitudinal follow-up study

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. F214-F219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter J Harmsen ◽  
Femke J Aarsen ◽  
Monique H M van der Cammen-van Zijp ◽  
Joost M van Rosmalen ◽  
Rene M H Wijnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oesophageal Atresia ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Follow Up Study

Is Routine Hospitalization in Twin Pregnancy Necessary? A Follow-up Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Liisa Hartikainen-Sorri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractDuring the years 1979-1980, a prospective study was carried out to evaluate the value and efficacy of routine hospital bed rest in the prevention of premature birth and pregnancy complications in twin gestation. This was done by comparing hospital bed rest to special antenatal care at outpatient clinic. Since the results did not support the idea of using routine hospital bed rest, this was abandoned. Because the material was rather small, the results of the changed policy of management were controlled in the present follow-up study. The material consists of 102 twin pregnancies diagnosed during the years 1982-1983. The number of deliveries before the 34th gestational week and of < 1500 g weighing infants were still decreasing (9.0% and 3.0%). Perinatal mortality after the 24th gestational week was 2.0%. The follow-up study confirmed the unefficacy of routine hospital bed rest. Early diagnosis is the basis of the management of twin pregnancy. This allows counselling of the pregnant women, regular examinations to detect pregnancy complications, and also planning of the delivery.

Follow-up 10 years later of 34 Klinefelter males with karyotype 47,XXY and 16 hypogonadal males with karyotype 46,XY

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Svend G. Johnsen ◽  
Kurt Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Social

SYNOPSISA 10-year follow-up study is reported of 50 hypogonadal males, 34 of whom had the karyotype 47,XXY and 16 karyotype 46,XY. The social class of the former group was significantly lower and the frequency of criminal behaviour higher when compared with the latter group and the Danish male population. The frequency of mental illness was higher in the Klinefelter males with karyotype 47,XXY than in the remainder. The aetiology and pathogenesis of deviant mental development in the patient population and various aspects of their treatment are discussed.

The Chronicity of Schizophrenia in North West India

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kulhara ◽  
N. N. Wig
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Western World ◽  
North West ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The One

The results of a follow-up study of schizophrenics attending a centre in North West India are reported. The relevant literature is reviewed, The results were compared with two well-known studies, one from the United Kingdom and the other from Mauritius. The evidence presented suggests that the course taken by schizophrenia in a newly-developed city and its neighbourhood in this part of India is similar to the one seen in the Western world. This study does not support the view that chronicity of schizophrenia in non-European, non-white populations is different, at least in an urban setting.

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