scholarly journals Nilpotents in semigroups of partial transformations

1997 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Partial Transformation ◽  
Index 2 ◽  
Infinite Set

In 1987, Sullivan determined when a partial transformation α of an infinite set X can be written as a product of nilpotent transformations of the same set: he showed that when this is possible and the cardinal of X is regular then α is a product of 3 or fewer nilpotents with index at most 3. Here, we show that 3 is best possible on both counts, consider the corresponding question when the cardinal of X is singular, and investigate the role of nilpotents with index 2. We also prove that the nilpotent-generated semigroup is idempotent-generated but not conversely.

On the role of Ramsey quantifiers in first order arithmetic

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Schmerl ◽  
Stephen G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Formal System ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Completeness Proof ◽  
First Order ◽  
Uncountable Cardinal ◽  
Consistent Extension ◽  
Witness Set ◽  
Order Arithmetic ◽  
Infinite Set

The purpose of this paper is to study a formal system PA(Q2) of first order Peano arithmetic, PA, augmented by a Ramsey quantifier Q2 which binds two free variables. The intended meaning of Q2xx′φ(x, x′) is that there exists an infinite set X of natural numbers such that φ(a, a′) holds for all a, a′ Є X such that a ≠ a′. Such an X is called a witness set for Q2xx′φ(x, x′). Our results would not be affected by the addition of further Ramsey quantifiers Q3, Q4, …, Here of course the intended meaning of Qkx1 … xkφ(x1,…xk) is that there exists an infinite set X such that φ(a1…, ak) holds for all k-element subsets {a1, … ak} of X.Ramsey quantifiers were first introduced in a general model theoretic setting by Magidor and Malitz [13]. The system PA{Q2), or rather, a system essentially equivalent to it, was first defined and studied by Macintyre [12]. Some of Macintyre's results were obtained independently by Morgenstern [15]. The present paper is essentially self-contained, but all of our results have been directly inspired by those of Macintyre [12].After some preliminaries in §1, we begin in §2 by giving a new completeness proof for PA(Q2). A by-product of our proof is that for every regular uncountable cardinal k, every consistent extension of PA(Q2) has a k-like model in which all classes are definable. (By a class we mean a subset of the universe of the model, every initial segment of which is finite in the sense of the model.)

scholarly journals Ghrelin, Growth Hormone, and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Levels in People With Protein C Deficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dons-Jensen ◽  
Sascha Siig Horup ◽  
Anne-Mette Hvas ◽  
Esben Thyssen Vestergaard ◽  
Rakel Fuglsang Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Endogenous Ligand ◽  
Protein C Deficiency ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Index 2 ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Ghs Receptor

Abstract Acyl ghrelin (AG) is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue (GHS) receptor and exogenous AG is a strong stimulator of GH secretion [1]. The role of endogenous AG has not yet been unraveled and its regulation is complex, but it is widely accepted that circulating levels of ghrelin correlate inversely with body mass index [2]. The peptide known as unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is both a precursor to AG and one of the split products, when AG is deacylated during its degradation, so increased turnover of AG results in higher levels of UAG [3].

Financing Industrialization in Italy, 1894–1914: The Partial Transformation of a Late-Comer

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Partial Transformation ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
German Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

Italy's rapid industrial growth, which began in the mid-1890's, was preceded and accompanied by important developments in her financial institutions, including in particular the establishment of several industrial credit banks on the German model. The role of such banks in French and German industrial growth before 1914 has been the subject of considerable study. It is the purpose of this article to examine the effects of these banks on the rate and direction of Italian development between 1894 and 1914, and to consider the relation between their near-monopoly of industrial credit and the emergence of concentration of ownership and control in the new and rapidly growing sectors of the industrial structure.

scholarly journals Automorphisms of normal partial transformation semigroups

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa Levi
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Group ◽  
Transformation Semigroup ◽  
Partial Transformation ◽  
Transformation Semigroups ◽  
Full Transformation ◽  
Full Transformation Semigroup ◽  
Infinite Set

We let X be an arbitrary infinite set. A semigroup S of total or partial transformations of X is called -normal if hSh-1 = S, for all h in , the symmetric group on X. For example, the full transformation semigroup , the semigroup of all partial transformations , the semigroup of all 1–1 partial transformations and all ideals of and are -normal.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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