FINITE HIGHER COMMUTATORS IN ASSOCIATIVE RINGS

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509
Author(s):  
CHARLES LANSKI
Keyword(s):  
Nilpotent Element ◽  
Associative Ring ◽  
Minimal Cardinality ◽  
Associative Rings ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractIf $T$ is any finite higher commutator in an associative ring $R$, for example, $T= [[R, R] , [R, R] ] $, and if $T$ has minimal cardinality so that the ideal generated by $T$ is infinite, then $T$ is in the centre of $R$ and ${T}^{2} = 0$. Also, if $T$ is any finite, higher commutator containing no nonzero nilpotent element then $T$ generates a finite ideal.

Zariski-like topologies for lattices with applications to modules over associative rings

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950131
Author(s):  
Jawad Abuhlail ◽  
Hamza Hroub
Keyword(s):  
Complete Lattice ◽  
Associative Ring ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Proper Class ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Left Module ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Prime Submodules ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Associative Rings

We study Zariski-like topologies on a proper class [Formula: see text] of a complete lattice [Formula: see text]. We consider [Formula: see text] with the so-called classical Zariski topology [Formula: see text] and study its topological properties (e.g. the separation axioms, the connectedness, the compactness) and provide sufficient conditions for it to be spectral. We say that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-top if [Formula: see text] is a topology. We study the interplay between the algebraic properties of an [Formula: see text]-top complete lattice [Formula: see text] and the topological properties of [Formula: see text] Our results are applied to several spectra which are proper classes of [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a nonzero left module over an arbitrary associative ring [Formula: see text] (e.g. the spectra of prime, coprime, fully prime submodules) of [Formula: see text] as well as to several spectra of the dual complete lattice [Formula: see text] (e.g. the spectra of first, second and fully coprime submodules of [Formula: see text]).

Nilpotent Ideals in Alternative Rings

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rich
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Associative Ring ◽  
Analogous Result ◽  
Alternative Ring ◽  
Locally Nilpotent ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Ideal

It is well known and immediate that in an associative ring a nilpotent one-sided ideal generates a nilpotent two-sided ideal. The corresponding open question for alternative rings was raised by M. Slater [6, p. 476]. Hitherto the question has been answered only in the case of a trivial one-sided ideal J (i.e., in case J2 = 0) [5]. In this note we solve the question in its entirety by showing that a nilpotent one-sided ideal K of an alternative ring generates a nilpotent two-sided ideal. In the process we find an upper bound for the index of nilpotency of the ideal generated. The main theorem provides another proof of the fact that a semiprime alternative ring contains no nilpotent one-sided ideals. Finally we note the analogous result for locally nilpotent one-sided ideals.

scholarly journals Weakly prime left ideals in general rings

1985 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Halina France-Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Left Ideal ◽  
Associative Ring ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Associative Rings

A.P.J. van der Walt introduced the concept of a weakly prime left ideal of an associative ring with unity. It is the purpose of the present paper to extend to general, that is not necessarily with unity associative rings, this concept as well as almost all results of van der Walt for rings with unity.

Lebesque measure zero subsets of the real line and an infinite game

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Scheepers
Keyword(s):  
Lebesgue Measure ◽  
Real Line ◽  
Measure Zero ◽  
Cardinal Number ◽  
Minimal Cardinality ◽  
Combinatorial Characterization ◽  
The Real ◽  
Lebesque Measure ◽  
The Ideal

Let denote the ideal of Lebesgue measure zero subsets of the real line. Then add() denotes the minimal cardinality of a subset of whose union is not an element of . In [1] Bartoszynski gave an elegant combinatorial characterization of add(), namely: add() is the least cardinal number κ for which the following assertion fails:For every family of at mostκ functions from ω to ω there is a function F from ω to the finite subsets of ω such that:1. For each m, F(m) has at most m + 1 elements, and2. for each f inthere are only finitely many m such that f(m) is not an element of F(m).The symbol A(κ) will denote the assertion above about κ. In the course of his proof, Bartoszynski also shows that the cardinality restriction in 1 is not sharp. Indeed, let (Rm: m < ω) be any sequence of integers such that for each m Rm, ≤ Rm+1, and such that limm→∞Rm = ∞. Then the truth of the assertion A(κ) is preserved if in 1 we say instead that1′. For each m, F(m) has at most Rm elements.We shall use this observation later on. We now define three more statements, denoted B(κ), C(κ) and D(κ), about cardinal number κ.

Commutators in associative rings

1953 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Drazin ◽  
K. W. Gruenberg
Keyword(s):  
Associative Ring ◽  
Lie Ring ◽  
Addition And Subtraction ◽  
Associative Rings

Let R be an arbitrary associative ring, and X a set of generators of R. The elements of X generate a Lie ring, [X], say, with respect to the addition and subtraction in R, and the multiplication [a, b] = ab − ba. In this note we shall be concerned with the following question: if [X] is given to be nilpotent as a Lie ring, what does this imply about R?

scholarly journals Ideals in simple rings

1978 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
W. Harold Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Associative Ring ◽  
Alternative Ring ◽  
Cayley Algebra ◽  
Characteristic 3 ◽  
Associative Rings ◽  
Algebra Over A Field

AbstractIn this article, we define the concept of a Malcev ideal in an alternative ring in a manner analogous to Lie ideals in associative rings. By using a result of Kleinfield's we show that a nonassociative alternative ring of characteristic not 2 or 3 is a ring sum of Malcev ideals Z and [R, R] where Z is the center of R and [R, R] is a simple non-Lie Malcev ideal of R. If R is a Cayley algebra over a field F of characteristic 3 then [R, R] is a simple 7 dimensional Lie algebra. A similar result is obtained if R is a simple associative ring.

scholarly journals Higher commutators, ideals and cardinality

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lanski
Keyword(s):  
Finite Index ◽  
Associative Ring ◽  
Semiprime Ring ◽  
Torsion Free ◽  
The Ideal

For an associative ring R, we investigate the relation between the cardinality of the commutator [R, R], or of higher commutators such as [[R, R], [R, R]], the cardinality of the ideal it generates, and the index of the centre of R. For example, when R is a semiprime ring, any finite higher commutator generates a finite ideal, and if R is also 2-torsion free then there is a central ideal of R of finite index in R. With the same assumption on R, any infinite higher commutator T generates an ideal of cardinality at most 2cardT and there is a central ideal of R of index at most 2cardT in R.

scholarly journals Certain homomorphisms of a compact semigroup onto a thread

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Hunter ◽  
L. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nilpotent Element ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Compact Semigroup ◽  
Continuous Homomorphism ◽  
Zero Element ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Special Aspect ◽  
Rees Quotient ◽  
Usual Product ◽  
The Ideal

Let S be a compact semigroup and f a continuous homomorphism of S onto the (compact) semigroup T. What can be said concerning the relations among S, f, and T? It is to one special aspect of this problem which we shall address ourselves. In particular, our primary considerations will be directed toward the case in which T is a standard thread. A standard thread is a compact semigroup which is topologically an arc, one endpoint being an identity element, the other being a zero element. The structure of standard threads is rather completely determined e.g. see [20]. Among the standard threads there are three which have a rather special rôle. These are as follows: A unit thread is a standard thread with only two idempotents and no nilpotent element. A unit thread is isomorphic to the usual unit interval [14]. A nil thread again has only two idempotents but has a non-zero nilpotent element. A nil thread is isomorphic with the interval [½, 1], the multiplication being the maximum of ½ and the usual product — or, what is the same thing, the Rees quotient of the usual [0, 1] by the ideal [0,½ ]. Finally there is the idempotent thread, the multiplication being x o y = mm (x, y). These three standard threads can often be considered separately and, in this paper, we reserve the symbols I1I2 and I3 to denote the unit, nil and idempotent threads respectively. Also, throughout this paper, by a homomorphism we mean a continuous homomorphism.

ON AN EXTENSION OF A RESULT OF HERSTEIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (08) ◽  
pp. 1350051
Author(s):  
M. S. TAMMAM EL-SAYIAD ◽  
N. O. ALSHEHRI
Keyword(s):  
Associative Ring ◽  
Additive Map ◽  
The Ideal

A derivation of an associative ring R is an additive map satisfying T(xy) = T(x)y + xT(y) for all x, y in R. We study rings with a derivation T satisfying Herstein's condition [T(R), T(R)] = 0. (The commutator [u, v] is defined by: [u, v] = uv - vu.) This work studies the structure of the ideal I generated by T(R). We show that I3 is in the center of R, and we show that R has an ideal K which is contained in the kernel of T, K2 = 0, and [T(R/K), R/K] generates a trivial ideal of R/K.

scholarly journals A Construction in General Radical Theory

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1097-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto H. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Associative Ring ◽  
Semigroup Ring ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Special Radical ◽  
Radical Property ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
The Ideal

Given an arbitrary associative ring R we consider the ring R[x] of polynomials over R in the commutative indeterminate x. For each radical property S we define the function S* which assigns to each ring R the idealof R. It is shown that the property SA (that a ring R be equal to S*(R)) is a radical property. If S is semiprime, then SA is semiprime also. If S is a special radical, then SA is a special radical. SA is always contained in S. A necessary and sufficient condition that S and SA coincide is given.The results are generalized in the last section to include extensions of R other than R[x], One such extension is the semigroup ring R[A], where A is a semigroup with an identity adjoined.

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