scholarly journals NUMERICAL RANGE AND POSITIVE BLOCK MATRICES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
JEAN-CHRISTOPHE BOURIN ◽  
EUN-YOUNG LEE
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Range ◽  
Diagonal Block ◽  
Partial Trace ◽  
Full Matrix ◽  
Block Matrices ◽  
Positive Matrices ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Image Position

We obtain several norm and eigenvalue inequalities for positive matrices partitioned into four blocks. The results involve the numerical range $W(X)$ of the off-diagonal block $X$ , especially the distance $d$ from $0$ to $W(X)$ . A special consequence is an estimate, $$\begin{eqnarray}\text{diam}\,W\left(\left[\begin{array}{@{}cc@{}}A & X\\ X^{\ast } & B\end{array}\right]\right)-\text{diam}\,W\biggl(\frac{A+B}{2}\biggr)\geq 2d,\end{eqnarray}$$ between the diameters of the numerical ranges for the full matrix and its partial trace.

scholarly journals Eigenvalue inequalities for positive block matrices with the inradius of the numerical range

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Bourin ◽  
Eun-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Range ◽  
Norm Inequality ◽  
Operator Norm ◽  
Diagonal Block ◽  
Positive Matrix ◽  
Full Matrix ◽  
Block Matrices ◽  
The Third ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Second Eigenvalue

We prove the operator norm inequality, for a positive matrix partitioned into four blocks in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the diameter of the largest possible disc in the numerical range of [Formula: see text]. This shows that the inradius [Formula: see text] satisfies [Formula: see text] Several eigenvalue inequalities are derived. In particular, if [Formula: see text] is a normal matrix whose spectrum lies in a disc of radius [Formula: see text], the third eigenvalue of the full matrix is bounded by the second eigenvalue of the sum of the diagonal block, [Formula: see text] We think that [Formula: see text] is optimal and we propose a conjecture related to a norm inequality of Hayashi.

scholarly journals Some convexity theorems for matrices

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Fillmore ◽  
J. P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Linear Operator ◽  
Operator Theory ◽  
Bounded Linear Operator ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Image Position

The numerical range of a bounded linear operator A on a complex Hilbertspace H is the set W(A) = {(Af, f): ║f║ = 1}. Because it is convex andits closure contains the spectrum of A, the numerical range is often a useful toolin operator theory. However, even when H is two-dimensional, the numerical range of an operator can be large relative to its spectrum, so that knowledge of W(A) generally permits only crude information about A. P. R. Halmos [2] has suggested a refinement of the notion of numerical range by introducing the k-numerical rangesfor k = 1, 2, 3, …. It is clear that W1(A) = W(A). C. A. Berger [2] has shown that Wk(A) is convex.

On Banach algebra elements of thin numerical range

1979 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Banach Algebra ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Natural Generalization ◽  
The Real ◽  
C Algebra ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Unital Banach Algebra ◽  
Real Subspace

Among the elements of a complex unital Banach algebra the real subspace of hermitian elements deserves special attention. This forms the natural generalization of the set of self-adjoint elements in a C*-algebra and exhibits many of the same properties. Two equivalent definitions may be given: if W(h) ⊂ , where W(h) denotes the numerical range of h (7), or if ║eiλh║ = 1 for all λ ∈ . In this paper some related subsets are introduced and studied. For δ ≥ 0, an element is said to be a member of if the conditionis satisfied. These may be termed the elements of thin numerical range if δ is small.

Growth conditions on subharmonic functions and resolvents of operators

1985 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
J. R. Partington
Keyword(s):  
Banach Space ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Bounded Operator ◽  
Complex Banach Space ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Subharmonic Functions ◽  
Image Position

Let X be a complex Banach space and T a bounded operator on X. The numerical range of T is defined by

Constants relating a Hermitian operator and its square

1979 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Partington
Keyword(s):  
Linear Operator ◽  
Normed Space ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Hermitian Operator ◽  
Image Position

Let T be a linear operator on a complex normed space X. Its spatial numerical range V(T) is denned as

A ratio limit theorem for (sub) Markov chains on {1,2, …} with bounded jumps

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Kesten
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Function ◽  
Invariant Measure ◽  
Probability Measure ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Positive Matrices ◽  
Ratio Limit Theorems ◽  
Ratio Limit ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Quasi Stationary Distribution

We consider positive matrices Q, indexed by {1,2, …}. Assume that there exists a constant 1 L < ∞ and sequences u1< u2< · ·· and d1d2< · ·· such that Q(i, j) = 0 whenever i < ur < ur + L < j or i > dr + L > dr > j for some r. If Q satisfies some additional uniform irreducibility and aperiodicity assumptions, then for s > 0, Q has at most one positive s-harmonic function and at most one s-invariant measure µ. We use this result to show that if Q is also substochastic, then it has the strong ratio limit property, that is for a suitable R and some R–1-harmonic function f and R–1-invariant measure µ. Under additional conditions µ can be taken as a probability measure on {1,2, …} and exists. An example shows that this limit may fail to exist if Q does not satisfy the restrictions imposed above, even though Q may have a minimal normalized quasi-stationary distribution (i.e. a probability measure µ for which R–1µ = µQ).The results have an immediate interpretation for Markov chains on {0,1,2, …} with 0 as an absorbing state. They give ratio limit theorems for such a chain, conditioned on not yet being absorbed at 0 by time n.

scholarly journals Numerical ranges of powers of hermitian elements

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Crabb ◽  
C. M. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Banach Algebra ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Unital Banach Algebra

An element k of a unital Banach algebra A is said to be Hermitian if its numerical rangeis contained in ℝ; equivalently, ∥eitk∥ = 1(t ∈ ℝ)—see Bonsall and Duncan [3] and [4]. Here we find the largest possible extent of V(kn), n ∈ ℕ, given V(k) ⊆ [−1, 1], and so ∥k∥ ≤ 1: previous knowledge is in Bollobás [2] and Crabb, Duncan and McGregor [7]. The largest possible sets all occur in a single example. Surprisingly, they all have straight line segments in their boundaries. The example is in [2] and [7], but here we give A. Browder's construction from [5], partly published in [6]. We are grateful to him for a copy of [5], and for discussions which led to the present work. We are also grateful to J. Duncan for useful discussions.

Normality and the Higher Numerical Range

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Marcus ◽  
Benjamin N. Moyls ◽  
Ivan Filippenko
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Complex Matrices ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Square Complex

Let Mn(C) be the vector space of all w-square complex matrices. Denote by (• , •) the standard inner product in the space C n of complex n-tuples. For a matrix A ∈ Mn(C) and an n-tuple c = (c1,… , cn) ∈ C n, define the c-numerical range of A to be the set

Numerical Range and Convex Sets*

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric M. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Convex Subset ◽  
Bounded Linear Operator ◽  
Convex Sets ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Bounded Subset ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Empty Convex ◽  
Image Position

The numerical range W(T) of a bounded linear operator T on a Hilbert space H is defined byW(T) is always a convex subset of the plane [1] and clearly W(T) is bounded since it is contained in the ball of radius ‖T‖ about the origin. Which non-empty convex bounded subsets of the plane are the numerical range of an operator? The theorem we prove below shows that every non-empty convex bounded subset of the plane is W(T) for some T.

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