Uji Eksperimental Respon Struktur 3D Modelling Struktur Portal Open Frame dan Struktur Portal Bresing terhadap Beban Gempa

One of the obstacles in laboratory testing is the availability of testing capacity. So that the similitude method was developed which aims to replicate the state of the prototype by scaling the variables so that they can be tested in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the results of numerical tests and experimental tests on the response of the open frame portal structure and the braced portal structure to the perpindahan parameters and the driftt ratio of the steel portal structure in earthquake buildings. The method used in this research is the experimental test method. From the analysis results, the largest perpindahan difference between the numerical test and the experimental test of the open frame portal structure is on the 4th floor, with a difference of 21,8 mm, while the largest perpindahan difference in the braced structure is on the 6th floor with a difference of 14,54 mm. The highest perpindahan difference is between numerical tests and experimental tests that occur on the open frame structure are on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors while those that occur on the braced structure are on the 5th, 6th, and 7th floors but the experimental perpindahan test is still within the permit limits for structural planning and if reviewed from the driftt ratio results, the results exceed the allowable driftt ratio limit of 2% of the height of each building level located on the 1st and 6th floors of the open frame portal structure and on the 5th floor of the braced portal structure.

Two Contact Binaries with Mass Ratios Close to the Minimum Mass Ratio

The cutoff mass ratio is under debate for contact binaries. In this paper, we present the investigation of two contact binaries with mass ratios close to the low mass ratio limit. It is found that the mass ratios of VSX J082700.8+462850 (hereafter J082700) and 1SWASP J132829.37+555246.1 (hereafter J132829) are both less than 0.1 (q ∼ 0.055 for J082700 and q ∼ 0.089 for J132829). J082700 is a shallow contact binary with a contact degree of ∼19%, and J132829 is a deep contact system with a fill-out factor of ∼70%. The O − C diagram analysis indicated that the two systems manifested long-term period decreases. In addition, J082700 exhibits a cyclic modulation which is more likely resulting from the Applegate mechanism. In order to explore the properties of extremely low mass ratio contact binaries (ELMRCBs), we carried out a statistical analysis on contact binaries with mass ratios of q ≲ 0.1 and discovered that the values of J spin/J orb of three systems are greater than 1/3. Two possible explanations can interpret this phenomenon. One explanation is that some physical processes, unknown to date, are not considered when Hut presented the dynamic stability criterion. The other explanation is that the dimensionless gyration radius (k) should be smaller than the value we used (k 2 = 0.06). We also found that the formation of ELMRCBs possibly has two channels. The study of evolutionary states of ELMRCBs reveals that their evolutionary states are similar with those of normal W UMa contact binaries.

Application of Equivalent Simplified Calculation Model of Isolated Structure in Super High-rise Building

In this paper, the application of equivalent simplified calculation model of isolated structure in super high-rise building is studied. In this paper, the characteristics of isolation structures with different height width ratio are analyzed, and the relationship curve between the limit value of height width ratio of isolation structure and the distance of isolation support is established. From the curve, we can estimate the limit height of the isolated structure when the bearing does not produce tensile stress under different seismic intensities. This paper also analyzes the influencing factors of the height width ratio limit, and puts forward the method of increasing the height width ratio limit. In this paper, a vertical stiffness correction model of isolation bearing is proposed. Compared with the shaking table test results and time history analysis, the modified model can truly reflect the mechanical properties of the isolation bearing.

Investigating Fracture Failure in Origami-based Sheet Metal Bending

Origami-based sheet metal (OSM) bending is a promising new die-free folding technique for sheet metal. OSM bending principle is based on deforming the material along a pre-defined fold line, which is determined using material discontinuity (MD) produced by laser or waterjet cutting. The objective of this work is to study and evaluate the fracture in OSM bending under the influence of various MD types, kerf-to-thickness (k/t) ratios, and sheet thicknesses. The research goal is to provide information on selecting an optimized k/t ratio and type of MD that allows for fracture-free bending. Four different ductile fracture criteria (DFC) are used and calibrated from experimental data to forecast fracture. The DFC calibration is used to produce a set of critical damage values (CDV) for assessing the possibility of fracture in the OSM bending. In addition, the study provides fracture evaluation using finite element analysis (FEA) integrated with experimental cases for a broader range of OSM bending parameters and MDs. The results demonstrated that an MD with a higher k/t ratio is less likely to fracture during the OSM bending, whereas a higher sheet thickness increases the possibility of fracture. Furthermore, the study identifies the k/t ratio limit that ensures successful bending without fracture and categorizes MD types into two groups based on fracture likelihood. The fracture in the first group is dependent on the limiting k/t ratio, whereas the possibility of fracture in the second group is independent of the k/t ratio due to its topology.

ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PLOT RATIO AS A DEVELOPMENT CONTROL TOOL IN GEORGE TOWN, PENANG

This paper investigates the changes of buildings to what extent the regulations related to plot ratio are implemented in the city of George Town, Penang, give impact on land use distribution. This study used a quantitative method by conducting field observations to identify building heights in the city of George Town, which was divided into two segments of the road. Then, GIS software was also used as one of the instruments to map the compliance analysis on study area in the city for the development control tool. The results show that quantitatively, the buildings along Jalan Dato Keramat that have been monopolised by residential activities acquire a higher building height and the maximum of plot ratio caps. There is only a small portion in Jalan Gurdwara that complies with the plot ratio limit. However, the characteristics of the area were determined by several parameters, such as building height, zoning land use activities, and building conformity. Thus, more detailed regulations regarding the changes in shape and plot ratio cap according to zoning activities on the exact location and activities are highly required.

the Strategi Identifikasi Masyarakat Penerima Rumah Subsidi Kota Makassar

The subsidized housing provision program according to the government's target in providing livable houses for Low-Income Communities (MBR) needs to be implemented to solve the problem of housing needs in Makassar City. Implementation of housing provision based on target as recipients of subsidized assistance according to the MBR criteria and the problem of the Backlog. In addition, the low-income community will face strict banking regulations regarding the credit ratio limit of their incomes which have an inappropriate impact as a subsidized KPR recipients. The purpose of this study is to identify the criteria for low-income communities as recipients of subsidized housing and the terms of the credit ratio in terms of their income. The method used was to collect data at the research location using a sample based on several categories as recipients of subsidized houses, namely 1) unlivable housing condition, 2) backlog categories, home ownership and home occupancy, and 3) economic conditions. The results of this study will identify 3 (three) criteria for low-income communities as beneficiaries of subsidized housing, so that the program can be implemented according to the right target in reducing the problems of housing shortages and the economy of the low-income community.

Spread out random walks on homogeneous spaces

A measure on a locally compact group is said to be spread out if one of its convolution powers is not singular with respect to Haar measure. Using Markov chain theory, we conduct a detailed analysis of random walks on homogeneous spaces with spread out increment distribution. For finite volume spaces, we arrive at a complete picture of the asymptotics of the n-step distributions: they equidistribute towards Haar measure, often exponentially fast and locally uniformly in the starting position. In addition, many classical limit theorems are shown to hold. In the infinite volume case, we prove recurrence and a ratio limit theorem for symmetric spread out random walks on homogeneous spaces of at most quadratic growth. This settles one direction in a long-standing conjecture.

The Effect of Anionic and Alkaline Surfactant Synthesis in Spontaneous Imbibition on Sandstone

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of anionic and alkali surfactant on oil acquisition in the process of spontaneous imbibition on sandstone reservoir. Anionic surfactant synthesized by compatibility test was done with addition of alkali. There were five (5) types of alkaline surfactant solution used. Solution compatibility tests included aqueous stability, interfacial tension (IFT) or critical micelle concentration (CMC) at reservoir temperature (60°C), phase behavior test by observing the microemulsion formation for 24 hours, filtration test with a filtration ratio limit value of less than 1.2, thermal stability test for 7 days and spontaneous imbibition test with observation for 42 hours. There were two types of solutions that passed the aqueous stability test, interfacial tension test (IFT), phase behavior test, and thermal stability test, namely, alkali surfactant (AS) 1 ((NaOH) 0.1% + O400O 0.3%) and alkaline surfactant (AS) 2 ((Na2CO3) 0.5% + O400O 0.3%). The filtration test result from AS 1 showed FR value of 1.15 and AS 2 showed FR value of 1.17. In the imbibition test stage, the test was carried out at reservoir temperature of 60°C. From 42 hours of observation, 39% of oil was obtained by using brine, AS 2 solution attained 57%, and AS 1 solution attained 75.5%. This could be used as a basis in EOR implementation on sandstone reservoirs.