scholarly journals Postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 responses to sucrose ingested with berries in healthy subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Törrönen ◽  
Essi Sarkkinen ◽  
Tarja Niskanen ◽  
Niina Tapola ◽  
Kyllikki Kilpi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Meal Ingestion ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Modest Effect

Berries are often consumed with sucrose. They are also rich sources of polyphenols which may modulate glycaemia after carbohydrate ingestion. The present study investigated the postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to sucrose ingested with berries, in comparison with a similar sucrose load without berries. A total of twelve healthy subjects were recruited to a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. They participated in two meal tests on separate days. The berry meal was a purée (150 g) made of bilberries, blackcurrants, cranberries and strawberries with 35 g sucrose. The control meal included the same amount of sucrose and available carbohydrates in water. Fingertip capillary and venous blood samples were taken at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after starting to eat the meal. Glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were determined from the venous samples, and glucose also from the capillary samples. Compared to the control meal, ingestion of the berry meal resulted in lower capillary and venous plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations at 15 min (P = 0·021,P < 0·007 andP = 0·028, respectively), in higher concentrations at 90 min (P = 0·028,P = 0·021 andP = 0·042, respectively), and in a modest effect on the GLP-1 response (P = 0·05). It also reduced the maximum increases of capillary and venous glucose and insulin concentrations (P = 0·009,P = 0·011 andP = 0·005, respectively), and improved the glycaemic profile (P < 0·001 andP = 0·003 for capillary and venous samples, respectively). These results suggest that the glycaemic control after ingestion of sucrose can be improved by simultaneous consumption of berries.

scholarly journals Effects of consumption of main and side dishes with white rice on postprandial glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 responses in healthy Japanese men

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1632-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Kameyama ◽  
Chizuko Maruyama ◽  
Sadako Matsui ◽  
Risa Araki ◽  
Yuichiro Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
Meal Consumption

The co-ingestion of protein, fat and fibre with carbohydrate reportedly affects postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) responses. However, the effects of combination dishes with carbohydrate-rich foods at typically eaten amounts remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of consuming recommended amounts of side dishes with boiled white rice in the same meal on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and incretin hormone responses. A total of nine healthy male volunteers consumed four different meals in a random order on separate days. The test meals were as follows: S, white rice; SM, addition of protein-rich main dishes to the S meal; SMF, addition of a fat-rich food item to the SM meal; SMFV, addition of vegetables to the SMF meal. Plasma glucose, GIP and GLP-1 and serum insulin concentrations were determined during a 3 h period after consumption of these meals. Postprandial glucose responses were lower after SMFV meal consumption than after consumption of the other meals. The incremental AUC for GIP (0–180 min) were largest after consumption of the SMF and SMFV meals, followed by that after SM meal consumption, and was smallest after S meal consumption (P< 0·05). Furthermore, we found GIP concentrations to be dose dependently increased by the fat content of meals of ordinary size, despite the amount of additional fat being small. In conclusion, the combination of recommended amounts of main and vegetable side dishes with boiled white rice is beneficial for lowering postprandial glucose concentrations, with an increased incretin response, when compared with white rice alone.

No correlation between insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide after stimulation with glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetes

1997 ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ahren ◽  
M Gutniak
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ◽  
Islet Amyloid ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which has been suggested as a new therapeutic agent in type 2 diabetes, affects circulating islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a B-cell peptide of potential importance for diabetes pathophysiology. DESIGN: GLP-1 was administered in a buccal tablet (400 micrograms) to seven healthy subjects and nine subjects with type 2 diabetes. Serum IAPP and insulin levels were measured before and after GLP-1 administration. RESULTS: In the fasting state, serum IAPP was 4.1 +/- 0.3 pmol/l in the controls vs 9.8 +/- 0.9 pmol/l in the subjects with type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001). IAPP correlated with insulin only in controls (r = 0.74, P = 0.002) but not in type 2 diabetes (r = 0.26, NS). At 15 min after GLP-1, circulating IAPP increased to (6.0 +/- 0.5 pmol/l in controls P = 0.009) and to 13.8 +/- 1.2 pmol/l in type 2 diabetes (P = 0.021). In both groups, serum insulin increased and blood glucose decreased compared with placebo. In controls serum IAPP increased in parallel with insulin (r = 0.79, P = 0.032), whereas in type 2 diabetes the increase in IAPP did not correlate with the increase in insulin. CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated circulating IAPP; GLP-1stimulates IAPP secretion both in healthy human subjects and in type 2 diabetes; IAPP secretion correlates with insulin secretion only in healthy subjects and not in type 2 diabetes.

Subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide is insulinotropic and can cause hypoglycaemia in fasted healthy subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mark B. EDWARDS ◽  
Jeannie F. TODD ◽  
Mohammad A. GHATEI ◽  
Stephen R. BLOOM
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

1. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) is a gut hormone released postprandially that stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion and delays gastric emptying. The insulinotropic action of GLP-1 is more potent under hyperglycaemic conditions. Several published studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of subcutaneous GLP-1 in non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes mellitus. 2. We investigated whether subcutaneous GLP-1, at a dose shown to improve glycaemic control in early Type 2 diabetes, is insulinotropic at normal fasting glucose concentrations. A double-blind, randomized, crossover study of 10 healthy subjects injected with GLP-1 or saline subcutaneously after a 16 h fast was performed. The effect on cardiovascular parameters was also examined. 3. GLP-1 caused a near 5-fold rise in plasma insulin concentration. After treatment with GLP-1, circulating plasma glucose concentrations fell below the normal range in all subjects. One subject had symptoms of hypoglycaemia after GLP-1. A rise in pulse rate was found which correlated with the fall in plasma glucose concentration. An increase in blood pressure occurred with GLP-1 injection which was seen at the same time as the rise in plasma GLP-1 concentrations. 4. This study indicates that subcutaneous GLP-1 can override the normal homoeostatic mechanism maintaining fasting plasma glucose in man, and is also associated with an increase in blood pressure.

The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1409-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Juul Holst
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Reactive Hypoglycemia ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the intestinal epithelial endocrine L-cells by differential processing of proglucagon, the gene which is expressed in these cells. The current knowledge regarding regulation of proglucagon gene expression in the gut and in the brain and mechanisms responsible for the posttranslational processing are reviewed. GLP-1 is released in response to meal intake, and the stimuli and molecular mechanisms involved are discussed. GLP-1 is extremely rapidly metabolized and inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV even before the hormone has left the gut, raising the possibility that the actions of GLP-1 are transmitted via sensory neurons in the intestine and the liver expressing the GLP-1 receptor. Because of this, it is important to distinguish between measurements of the intact hormone (responsible for endocrine actions) or the sum of the intact hormone and its metabolites, reflecting the total L-cell secretion and therefore also the possible neural actions. The main actions of GLP-1 are to stimulate insulin secretion (i.e., to act as an incretin hormone) and to inhibit glucagon secretion, thereby contributing to limit postprandial glucose excursions. It also inhibits gastrointestinal motility and secretion and thus acts as an enterogastrone and part of the “ileal brake” mechanism. GLP-1 also appears to be a physiological regulator of appetite and food intake. Because of these actions, GLP-1 or GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently being evaluated for the therapy of type 2 diabetes. Decreased secretion of GLP-1 may contribute to the development of obesity, and exaggerated secretion may be responsible for postprandial reactive hypoglycemia.

Effects of sucralose on insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Nutrition ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55-56 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amornpan Lertrit ◽  
Sasinee Srimachai ◽  
Sunee Saetung ◽  
Suwannee Chanprasertyothin ◽  
La-or Chailurkit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The interaction of GHRH with TRH in acromegaly: a controlled study

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert-Jan Looij ◽  
Ferdinand Roelfsema ◽  
Marijke Frölich ◽  
Arie C. Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Modest Effect

Abstract. In a single-blind placebo-controlled study, the effect of an iv bolus injection of 100 μg GHRH(1–29)NH2 on the response to 200 μg TRH was assessed in 10 untreated patients with acromegaly to determine whether GHRH interacts with TRH in acromegaly, as previously described in healthy subjects. The combination of GHRH(1–29)NH2 with TRH resulted in a larger increment of peak and of integrated plasma TSH and PRL levels than after TRH alone. GHRH alone had no effect on TSH secretion and only a modest effect on PRL secretion. These findings suggest that in acromegaly, like in healthy individuals, GHRH potentiates the TSH response to TRH and that the effects of GHRH and TRH on PRL secretion are additive.

scholarly journals Effects of meal and incretins in the regulation of splanchnic blood flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Koffert ◽  
Henri Honka ◽  
Jarmo Teuho ◽  
Saila Kauhanen ◽  
Saija Hurme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Randomized Intervention Study ◽  
Meal Ingestion

Objective Meal ingestion is followed by a redistribution of blood flow (BF) within the splanchnic region contributing to nutrient absorption, insulin secretion and glucose disposal, but factors regulating this phenomenon in humans are poorly known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the organ-specific changes in BF during a mixed-meal and incretin infusions. Design A non-randomized intervention study of 10 healthy adults to study splanchnic BF regulation was performed. Methods Effects of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) infusions and mixed-meal were tested in 10 healthy, glucose tolerant subjects using PET-MRI multimodal imaging technology. Intestinal and pancreatic BF and blood volume (BV) were measured with 15O-water and 15O-carbon monoxide, respectively. Results Ingestion of a mixed-meal led to an increase in pancreatic and jejunal BF, whereas duodenal BF was unchanged. Infusion of GIP and GLP-1 reduced BF in the pancreas. However, GIP infusion doubled blood flow in the jejunum with no effect of GLP-1. Conclusion Together, our data suggest that meal ingestion leads to increases in pancreatic BF accompanied by a GIP-mediated increase in jejunal but not duodenal blood flow.

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