scholarly journals A novel n-3 glyceride mixture enhances enrichment of EPA and DHA after single dosing in healthy older adults: results from a double-blind crossover trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Helena L. Fisk ◽  
Grete M. Kindberg ◽  
Svein O. Hustvedt ◽  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Plasma Total Lipid ◽  
Single Dosing

Abstract A glyceride mixture of monoglyceride, diglyceride and TAG increases solubilisation and enhances emulsification of n-3 fatty acid (FA)-containing lipids in the stomach. This allows for better access of digestive enzymes, pivotal for the release of bioactive n-3 FA. The objective was to compare the effect of a glyceride formulation and an ethyl ester formulation of EPA + DHA on concentrations of EPA and DHA in plasma following single dosing. We conducted a double-blind crossover trial in which twenty healthy adults aged 50–70 years consumed a single dose (2·8 g EPA + DHA) of each EPA + DHA formulation without a meal in random order separated by a 2-week washout period. EPA and DHA were measured in plasma total lipid over the following 12 h. EPA and DHA in plasma total lipid increased over 12 h with both formulations. A 10-fold greater Δ concentration of EPA, 3-fold greater Δ concentration of DHA and 5-fold greater Δ concentration of EPA + DHA were seen with the glyceride-EPA + DHA. The time at which the maximal concentrations of n-3 FA occurred was 4 h earlier for EPA, 1 h earlier for DHA and 2 h earlier for EPA + DHA when consuming glyceride-EPA + DHA. A mixture of monoglyceride, diglyceride and TAG results in greater and faster incorporation of EPA and DHA into blood plasma lipid in the absence of a fatty meal. This may provide benefit to individuals on a low-fat diet or with digestive impairments and could result in greater efficacy in clinical trials using n-3 FA.

scholarly journals EPA and DHA Have Differential Effects on Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein and Lipoprotein Lipase Activities Following Plasma Triglycerides Lowering

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 662-662
Author(s):  
Jisun So ◽  
Bela Asztalos ◽  
Katalin Horvath ◽  
Alice Lichtenstein ◽  
Stefania Lamon-Fava
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Epa And Dha

Abstract Objectives Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are effective in reducing plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations but have divergent effects on LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Differential regulations of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities are possible mechanisms of their differential effects. We assessed the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on plasma lipid profiles and two enzyme activities involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Methods Nine men and twelve postmenopausal women (N = 21, 50–75y) with chronic inflammation (CRP > 2 mg/L) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial consisting of a 4-wk lead-in phase with high oleic acid sunflower oil (3 g/d) followed by two 10-wk EPA and DHA supplementation phases (3 g/d each) separated by a 10-wk washout phase. Plasma was collected after the lead-in (baseline) and each n-3 fatty acid supplementation phase for analysis of TG, total cholesterol and HDL-C, and CETP and post-heparin LPL activities. LDL-C was estimated using the Friedewald formula. Results Subjects were recruited to have moderately elevated TG and LDL-C concentrations (mean ± SEM: 141 ± 11 and 130 ± 6 mg/dL, respectively). Compared to baseline, EPA supplementation lowered TG concentration (−28 ± 6 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and CETP activity (−1.6 ± 1.1 µg/mL/h, P < 0.05), whereas LDL-C concentration and LPL activity were unchanged. The changes in TG concentration and CETP activity were negatively correlated with baseline TG (r = −0.77 and −0.45, respectively, both P < 0.05). DHA supplementation lowered TG concentration (−31 ± 8 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and increased LDL-C concentration (+10 ± 4 mg/dL, P < 0.01) and LPL activity (+6.1 ± 4.0 mU/mL, P < 0.03), CETP activity was unchanged. The DHA-mediated increase in LPL activity was correlated with the baseline TG concentration and change in TG concentration (r = 0.64 and ρ = −0.45, respectively, both P < 0.05). Conclusions In the context of the established TG-lowering effects of EPA and DHA, these n-3 fatty acids affected CETP and LPL activities differently. DHA-induced change in LDL-C concentration may be related to increased LPL activity, and the conversion of very low-density lipoprotein to LDL. Funding Sources AFRI/NIFA; USDA.

Prebiotic effect of two grams of lactulose in healthy Japanese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sakai ◽  
N. Seki ◽  
K. Hamano ◽  
H. Ochi ◽  
F. Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Consistency ◽  
Bristol Stool Scale ◽  
Trial Participants

Sixty healthy Japanese women with a defaecation frequency of 2-4 times/week participated in this randomised, double-blind crossover trial. Participants received 2 g/day lactulose for 2 weeks and placebo in a random order, separated by a washout period of 3 weeks. Eight participants were excluded who did not satisfy the conditions, and therefore data from 52 were analysed. The primary outcome was defaecation frequency and the secondary outcomes were the number of defaecation days, faecal consistency, faecal volume, and the number and percentage of Bifidobacterium in faeces. The defaecation frequency (times/week) was significantly higher during lactulose (4.28±0.23) than placebo (3.83±0.23) treatment (delta (Δ) 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.80], P=0.013). The defaecation days (days/week) was significantly higher during lactulose (3.77±0.17) than placebo (3.47±0.17) treatment (Δ0.30 [95% CI 0.04-0.56], P=0.024). Faecal consistency using the Bristol Stool Scale (/defaecation) was significantly higher during lactulose (3.84±0.10) than placebo (3.68±0.10) treatment (Δ0.16 [95% CI 0.00-0.31], P=0.044). Faecal volume (/week) was significantly higher during lactulose (21.73±3.07) than placebo (17.65±3.07) treatment (Δ4.08 [95% CI 0.57-7.60], P=0.024). The number of Bifidobacterium in faeces (log colony forming units/g faeces) was significantly higher during lactulose (9.53±0.06) than placebo (9.16±0.06) treatment (Δ0.37 [95% CI 0.23-0.49], P<0.0001). The percentage of Bifidobacterium in faeces was also significantly higher during lactulose (25.3±1.4) than placebo (18.2±1.4) treatment (Δ7.1 [95% CI 2.9-11.4], P=0.0014). Finally, straining at defaecation (/defaecation) during lactulose (3.62±0.24) treatment was significantly lower than during placebo (3.97±0.24) treatment (Δ0.35 [95% CI -0.69 – -0.02], P=0.037). No significant difference was observed between lactulose and placebo with regard to flatulence. Severe adverse effects did not occur. Thus, oral ingestion of 2 g/day lactulose had a prebiotic effect, increasing the number and percentage of bifidobacteria in faeces, softening the faeces, and increasing defaecation frequency, but without increasing flatulence.

scholarly journals A comparison of the influence on plasma lipids and platelet function of supplements of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. B. Sanders ◽  
Michele C. Hochland
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Platelet Thromboxane

1. A randomized double-blind crossover trial was carried out to compare the influence on plasma lipid concentrations, platelet thromboxane B2production and platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and U46619 (a prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue), of a daily 10 g supplement of a fish-oil concentrate (MaxEPA), which provided (g): 1·7 20:5ω3, 0·3 22:5ω3 and 1·2 22:6ω3, taken for 2 weeks by ten healthy subjects, with one of vegetable oil providing 3·4 18:2ω6.2. A lower response to platelet aggregation induced by 0·5 μg collagen/ml but not by other aggregating agents was observed following both types of supplement. Platelet thromboxane B2production induced by collagen also tended to be lower following the supplements.3. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations were unaffected by the supplements. The MaxEPA but not the vegetable-oil supplement lowered the concentration of plasma triglycerides and increased that of high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol.

scholarly journals Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides in healthy adults do not negatively affect faecal cytotoxicity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra A. M. J. Scholtens ◽  
Martine S. Alles ◽  
Linette E. M. Willemsen ◽  
Claudia van den Braak ◽  
Jacques G. Bindels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Regular Diet ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
The Mean

Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are widely used in commercial food products. Most studies on FOS concern the health benefits, but some negative effects were recently reported concerning thefaecal cytotoxicity and excretion of mucin-type oligosaccharides in combination with a Ca-restricted diet. The present study was performed to investigate whether these effects of FOS are observed in adults consuming a regular diet unrestricted in Ca. The study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, involving eleven healthy adults, who consumed 25–30g FOS or maltodextrin (control) in a random order for 2 weeks in addition to their regular diet. Stools were collected for analysis of pH and SCFA (as markers of fermentation), for the assessment of faecal water cytotoxicity, and for the analysis of alkaline phosphataseactivity (as a marker of epithelial cell turnover) andO-linked oligosaccharides (to estimate the excretion of mucin-type oligosaccharides). FOS consumption significantly altered bacterial fermentation (increased percentage of acetate, decreased percentage of butyrate) and tended to decrease stool pH. Furthermore, FOS consumption resulted in a significantly higher stool frequency and in significantly more complaints of flatulence. No significant differences between the control and FOS period were observed in the mean cytotoxicity of faecal water (37·5 (sem 6·9) % v. 18·5 (sem 6·9) % P=0·084), in mean alkaline phosphatase activity (27·7 (sem 2·9) v. 24·6 (sem 3·2) U/g dry faeces; P=0·496) or in the mean excretion of mucin-type oligosaccharides (49·9 (sem 4·0)v. 53·5 (sem 4·3) mg/g dry faeces; P=0·553). We conclude that dietary FOS in a dose up to 25–30g/d altered the bacterial fermentation pattern but did not affect faecal cytotoxicity or the faecal concentration of mucin-type oligosaccharides in human adults consuming a regular diet.

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