Understanding Government Survival: Empirical Exploration or Analytical Models?

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL LAVER ◽  
KENNETH A. SHEPSLE
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Simulation Technology ◽  
Government Formation

We should begin our reply to Paul Warwick by stating how very flattered we are by the diligent attention that he has given to our work on government formation. In particular, we are delighted that he has taken up and applied the simulation technology that we suggested as a way to explore cabinet stability, a matter on which we were beginning to feel like voices wailing in the wilderness.This is not the place to bore readers of the Journal with detailed points of issue between us, of which there are obviously many. We want here to concentrate upon some larger issues provoked by Warwick's critique. These involve a debate on cabinet stability and duration between a school of thought, in Warwick's corner, that is essentially empiricist in its outlook and a school of thought, in ours, that takes analytical modelling as being more fundamental. This is a theme touched upon by Kaare Strom in his recent review essay on parliamentary democracy.

“Why Can’t We Be Friends?” The Coalition Potential of Presidents in Semi-presidential Republics—Insights from Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Anghel
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Presidential Regimes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Coalition governments are a regularly studied feature of parliamentary democracies. Debates still linger in the field as to what extent the outcomes of these studies are also applicable in determining who has the upper hand over coalition formation in semi-presidential regimes. This article explores the dynamics of government formation under semi-presidential regimes using evidence from Romania (1990–2016) and discusses the formal and informal potential of the president to shape coalitions. It covers a lacuna in qualitative studies by using evidence gathered from in-depth interviews with prime ministers, cabinet members, and key party decision makers and shows that under certain circumstances presidents can play an influential role in government formation, but these are rather the exception than the rule. Using a case that presents the incentives for an increase in the presidentialization of politics, I show that the mechanisms of a multiparty regime mostly limit the president’s exclusive bargaining advantage to nominating the prime minister and then, much as in a parliamentary democracy, render him or her dependent on the coalition potential of his or her own party.

scholarly journals Assessing the Accuracy of Performance Modelling in Software Defined Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jordan Ansell
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Queueing Models ◽  
Software Defined Network ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Performance Modelling ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Performance Results

<p>Analytical modelling and experimental measurement can are used to evaluate the performance of a network. Models provide insight and measurement provides realism.  For software defined networks (SDN) it is unknown how well the existing queueing models represent the performance of a real SDN network. This leads to uncertainty between what can be predicted and the actual behaviour of a software defined network.  This work investigates the accuracy of software defined network queueing models. This is done through comparing the performance results of analytical models to experimental performance results.  The outcome of this is an understanding of how reliable the existing queueing models are and areas where the queueing models can be improved.</p>

Review of the Role of Analytical Modelling Methods in Riverbank Filtration System

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Mustafa ◽  
Arifah Bahar ◽  
Zainal Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saim Suratman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
Stream Depletion ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Contaminants Transport ◽  
Modelling Methods

Riverbank filtration (RBF) technology is applied in several countries around the world as one of the main sources of drinking water supply both from quantitative and qualitative point of view. Consequently, several analytical modelling methods, mostly based on the transformation techniques, are developed in literature to describe different processes which occur in RBF system. An extensive overview of these analytical methods, their uses and limitations are discussed. The review disclosed that most analytical models usually are concerned in evaluating stream depletion rate rather than contaminants transport especially the transportation of pesticides and pathogens. Laplace and Fourier methods are more popular methods used by researchers to solve the system of partial differential equation that developed to simulate the RBF problem.

When Should a Ski Resort Make Snow?

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Caskey
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Ski Resorts

Snow-making is an expensive operation for a ski resort. However, many resorts would be unable to operate without man-made snow. Deciding when to make snow involves several uncertain factors, as well as significant strategic issues. First, the author describes the framework for this decision. Next, he proposes analytical modelling. Finally, he compares the proposed models to actual practice at several resorts and proposes further research. The author finds that actual practice at most ski resorts does not involve formal analytical methods. While the resorts consider many of the factors included in the models, the decision is generally not modelled explicitly. The use of the proposed analytical models could lead to a better understanding of the factors involved in the snow-making decision, and thus to better service at a reduced cost.

scholarly journals Assessing the Accuracy of Performance Modelling in Software Defined Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jordan Ansell
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Queueing Models ◽  
Software Defined Network ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Performance Modelling ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Performance Results

<p>Analytical modelling and experimental measurement can are used to evaluate the performance of a network. Models provide insight and measurement provides realism.  For software defined networks (SDN) it is unknown how well the existing queueing models represent the performance of a real SDN network. This leads to uncertainty between what can be predicted and the actual behaviour of a software defined network.  This work investigates the accuracy of software defined network queueing models. This is done through comparing the performance results of analytical models to experimental performance results.  The outcome of this is an understanding of how reliable the existing queueing models are and areas where the queueing models can be improved.</p>

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of auxetic systems: bridging the gap between analytical models and observation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Grima-Cornish ◽  
Joseph N. Grima ◽  
Daphne Attard
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Applied Strain ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Transverse Strain

AbstractThe Poisson’s ratio, a property which quantifies the changes in thickness when a material is stretched and compressed, can be determined as the negative of the transverse strain over the applied strain. In the scientific literature, there are various ways how strain may be defined and the actual definition used could result in a different Poisson’s ratio being computed. This paper will look in more detail at this by comparing the more commonly used forms of strain and the Poisson’s ratio that is computable from them. More specifically, an attempt is made to assess through examples on the usefulness of the various formulations to properly describe what can actually be observed, thus providing a clearer picture of which form of Poisson’s ratio should be used in analytical modelling.

scholarly journals Design and analysis of symmetric and compact 2R1T (in-plane 3-DOC) flexure parallel mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbo Hao
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Motion ◽  
Stiffness Reduction

Abstract. Symmetry is very necessary in flexure mechanisms, which can eliminate parasitic motions, avoid buckling, and minimize thermal and manufacturing sensitivity. This paper proposes two symmetric and compact flexure designs, in-plane 3-DOC (degree of constraint) mechanisms, which are composed of 4 and 6 identical wire beams, respectively. Compared to traditional leaf-beam-based designs, the two present designs have lower stiffness in the primary motion directions, and have smaller stiffness reduction in the parasitic directions. Analytical modelling is conducted to derive the symbolic compliance equations, enabling quick analysis and comparisons of compliances of the two mechanisms. A prototype has been tested statically to compare with analytical models.

scholarly journals Analysis of Vibration Reduction by Damping Using Simple Analytical Modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Pavić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Vibration Absorbers ◽  
Vibration Level ◽  
Structural Damping ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Selection Of

The performance of different solutions to global vibration reduction using external damping is discussed. The solutions are either uneven distribution of structural damping or use of vibration absorbers. To this end, a comparative study is carried out, built on simple analytical models. It is shown that a well-chosen solution can produce a substantial reduction of global vibration level. It is further shown that the overall damping effect critically depends on the mutual interaction between the applied damping device and the damped structure. Qualitative guidelines are provided about the selection of appropriate parameters that affect damping performance.

scholarly journals Analytical modelling and UK Government policy

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Oldfield ◽  
Ella Haig
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn the last decade, the UK Government has attempted to implement improved processes and procedures in modelling and analysis in response to the Laidlaw report of 2012 and the Macpherson review of 2013. The Laidlaw report was commissioned after failings during the Intercity West Coast Rail (ICWC) Franchise procurement exercise by the Department for Transport (DfT) that led to a legal challenge of the analytical models used within the exercise. The Macpherson review looked into the quality assurance of Government analytical models in the context of the experience with the Intercity West Coast franchise competition. This paper examines what progress has been made in the 8 years since the Laidlaw report in model building and best practise in government and proposes several recommendations for ways forward. This paper also discusses the Lords Science and Technology Committees of June 2020 that analysed the failings in the modelling of COVID. Despite going on to influence policy, many of the same issues raised within the Laidlaw and Macpherson Reports were also present in the Lords Science and Technology Committee enquiry. We examine the technical and organisational challenges to progress in this area and make recommendations for a way forward.

10. Political Systems and Government Formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-191
Author(s):  
Catherine E. De Vries ◽  
Sara B. Hobolt ◽  
Sven-Oliver Proksch ◽  
Jonathan B. Slapin
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
Law Making

This chapter considers executive branch politics in a number of European democracies. It addresses the nature of parliamentary democracy and compares it with other forms of democracy. For example, it looks at separation-of-powers systems using the principal–agent framework of Chapter 2. The chapter examines in detail the link between parties and institutions in order to understand the process of government formation and government collapse. It begins to consider the foundations of the process of law-making which is relevant for the remainder of the book.

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