Relationship between mated status of females and their stage of ovarian development in field populations of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina(wiedemann) (diptera: calliphoridae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Barton Browne ◽  
A. C. M. Van Gerwen ◽  
P. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn field populations of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) in Australia, there was a very low percentage of mating in females that, on the evidence of their stage of ovarian development, had not yet consumed protein-rich material. Virtually all females whose oocytes had reached early vitellogenesis had mated. Thus, most females of this anautogenous species had mated soon after their ovarian development had proceeded beyond the resting stage at which development ceases in females that have not consumed protein. The relationship between mated status and ovarian development of hand-caught females did not differ from that for females which had been allowed to remain for more than 1 h with sexually active males in the collection chamber of traps. Thus mating occurred rarely, if at all, in the trap chambers, which suggests that females in the field mate soon after first becoming sexually receptive. This, together with knowledge that females of this species do not remate readily, indicates that the operational sex ratio in L. cuprina is heavily male-biased.

Ovarian development in females of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) fed on sheep faeces and the effect of ivermectin residues

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Continuous Access ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis study demonstrates that only a proportion of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) females, which have fed exclusively on sheep dung collected from spring improved pastures, are able to mature a complement of oocytes at the cost of high resorption. Fifty percent of females developed mature oocytes after 11 d of continuous feeding on sheep dung. After 14 d feeding, 80% of females had matured an average of 143 eggs. Females given ad lib access to sheep's liver developed mature oocytes within 2–3 d feeding, producing an average of 223 eggs. Results show that sheep dung is a resource used by L. cuprina adults, but by itself appears to be a poor source of protein for field females to mature oocytes. Females given continuous access to dung collected from sheep 18 h after being drenched with ivermectin, were virtually unable to develop oocytes beyond the resting stage after 10 d feeding. Female adults in particular, became distended with fluid over successive days feeding and both sexes suffered significantly higher mortality compared with adults fed on untreated sheep dung. Knowledge on the feeding frequency and amounts of sheep dung ingested by L. cuprina adults may enable an assessment of the potential for manipulation of ivermectin treatment in a control strategy.

Sociosexuality and sex ratio: Sex differences and local markets

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-288
Author(s):  
John Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Know How ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mating Market ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ratio Measure

Operational sex ratio (OSR) is the correct sex ratio measure for predicting sociosexuality, but it is unclear whether this is the measure used. It would be valuable to know how OSR and sociosexuality correlate separately for males and females. The relationship between sociosexuality and OSR should also be examined with OSR measured at the local level of the mating market, where sex ratio must be having its psychological effects.

scholarly journals Operational Sex Ratio Predicts Binge Drinking Across U.S. Counties

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491987468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toe Aung ◽  
Susan M. Hughes ◽  
Liana S. E. Hone ◽  
David A. Puts
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
County Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Binge Drinker

Previous research suggests that binge drinking among young men serves as a “costly signal” to potential mates, such that the binge drinker is capable of bearing the harmful consequences of alcohol consumption. Here, we propose that binge drinking among young adults is conditionally dependent upon the signaler’s willingness to take risks, which is influenced by the local operational sex ratio (OSR). Using archived binge drinking estimates from 2009 to 2012 and Census Bureau records of OSRs, we tested the relationship between OSR and binge drinking rates at the county level across 3,143 U.S. counties against hypotheses drawn from evolutionary theory. Results from our mixed-effects models revealed that a higher overall OSR (i.e., more eligible men compared to women) was associated with higher male binge drinking rates but lower female binge drinking rates. A higher OSR particularly in the 20–29 and 50+ age groups predicted higher male binge drinking rates but lower female binge drinking rates. Our findings generally support predictions derived from evolutionary theory and suggest that binge drinking may function as a costly sexual signal, conditionally regulated by age and the local sex ratio.

The relationship between larval and adult size of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia Cuprina (Wied.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Webber
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
The Relationship

Quantitative formulations are derived for the relationships between the adequacy of larval food, the weight of puparia, the length of thorax of adult flies, the number of ovarioles in adults, and the size and weight of eggs produced by adults of Lucilia cuprina (Wied.). Smaller adults grown from starved larvae lay fewer eggs, but mature eggs from flies of widely differing sizes vary little in size and weight. The number of eggs laid per batch provides a good indication of the number of ovarioles present. There is no evidence of resorption of eggs retained in the ovaries, but the eggs are no longer viable after 17 days, and histological examination shows that breakdown of the eggs has taken place.

scholarly journals Effect of operational sex ratio on female–female versus male–male competitive aggression

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2242-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W.A Grant ◽  
Patricia E Foam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Japanese Medaka ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Intrasexual Aggression ◽  
Opposite Sex

We compared the patterns of female–female and male–male competition in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) in response to changes in the operational sex ratio (OSR), the ratio of sexually active members of one sex to sexually active members of the opposite sex. As expected, courtship behaviour and intrasexual aggression were more frequent in males than in females. However, the overall patterns of female–female and male–male aggression were similar: intrasexual aggression increased with the OSR (female/male OSR for females and male/female OSR for males), consistent with predictions of mating-systems theory. A comparative analysis of our data and those from three other studies indicated that the rate of intrasexual aggression was greater in males than in females, but the patterns of intrasexual aggression were similar: the rate increased linearly and with a common slope with increasing OSR over a range of 0.4–3.

Female choosiness and mating opportunities in the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (15) ◽  
pp. 1863-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Pompilio ◽  
Martín González Franco ◽  
Lucía B. Chisari ◽  
Gabriel Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Choosiness

We investigated the relationship between female choosiness and mating opportunities in the blood sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus. Rhodnius prolixus females exhibit active discrimination behaviour to male mating attempts which delays or prevents copulation. Female rejection behaviours can be beneficial if mating opportunities are readily available and the pool of males varies in their quality. Thus, the benefits of finding a better quality male may override the cost of rejecting a mating opportunity. Since the availability of mating opportunities is affected by the ratio of sexually active males to females, we randomly assigned focal pairs to arenas with a sex ratio biased toward males, females or without other individuals. More females exhibited rejection behaviour when conspecifics were present, however, no differences were found when the sex ratio was biased toward either males or females. We discuss possible explanations for these results and hypothesize about the adaptive function of female rejection behaviour.

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