scholarly journals Inconsistent genetic structure among members of a multitrophic system: did bruchid parasitoids (Horismenusspp.) escape the effects of bean domestication?

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Laurin-Lemay ◽  
B. Angers ◽  
B. Benrey ◽  
J. Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
History Of

AbstractAnthropogenic range expansion and cultural practices have modified the distribution, abundance and genetic diversity of domesticated organisms, thereby altering multitrophic assemblages through space and time. The putative Mesoamerican domestication centre of the common bean,Phaseolus vulgarisL., in Mexico allows investigating the effects of plant domestication on the genetic structure of members of a multitrophic system. The aim of this study was to compare the evolutionary history ofHorismenusparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to those of their bruchid beetle hosts (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and their domesticated host plant (P. vulgaris), in the context of traditional agriculture in Mexico. We analyzed the population genetic structure of fourHorismenusspecies in Mexico using mitochondrialCOIhaplotype data. The two most abundant parasitoid species wereHorismenus depressusandHorismenus missouriensis. Horismenus missouriensiswere infected byWolbachiaendosymbionts and had little to no population differentiation (FST = 0.06). We suspect the mitochondrial history ofH. missouriensisto be blurred byWolbachia, because differentiation among infected vs. non-infected individuals exists (FST = 0.11). Populations ofH. depressuswere found to be highly differentiated (FST = 0.34), but the genetic structuring could not be explained by tested spatial components. We then compared the genetic structure observed in this parasitoid species to previously published studies on bruchid beetles and their host plants. Despite extensive human-mediated migration and likely population homogenization of its twoAcanthoscelidesbruchid beetle hosts,H. depressuspopulations are structured like its host plant, by a recent dispersal from a diverse ancestral gene pool. Distinct evolutionary dynamics may explain inconsistent patterns among trophic levels. Parasitoids likely migrate from wild bean populations and are poorly adapted to bean storage conditions similar to their bruchid beetle hosts. Integrating several trophic levels to the study of evolutionary history has proven to be fruitful in detecting different ecological responses to human-mediated disturbances and host parasite interactions.

Phylogenetic evidence for independent origins of GDF1 and GDF3 genes in amphibians and mammals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Opazo ◽  
Kattina Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
Differentiation Factors ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Independent Duplication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Developmental

AbstractGrowth differentiation factors 1 (GDF1) and 3 (GDF3) are members of the transforming growth factor superfamily (TGF-β) that is involved in fundamental early-developmental processes that are conserved across vertebrates. The evolutionary history of these genes is still under debate due to ambiguous definitions of homologous relationships among vertebrates. Thus, the goal of this study was to unravel the evolution of the GDF1 and GDF3 genes of vertebrates, emphasizing the understanding of homologous relationships and their evolutionary origin. Surprisingly, our results revealed that the GDF1 and GDF3 genes found in amphibians and mammals are the products of independent duplication events of an ancestral gene in the ancestor of each of these lineages. The main implication of this result is that the GDF1 and GDF3 genes of amphibians and mammals are not 1:1 orthologs. In other words, genes that participate in fundamental processes during early development have been reinvented two independent times during the evolutionary history of tetrapods.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Ustilago maydis virus H1 in the USA and Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 3433-3441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Voth ◽  
Linah Mairura ◽  
Ben E. Lockhart ◽  
Georgiana May
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Neutral Evolution ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Ustilago maydis virus H1 (Umv-H1) is a mycovirus that infects Ustilago maydis, a fungal pathogen of maize. As Zea mays was domesticated, it carried with it many associated symbionts, such that the subsequent range expansion and cultivation of maize should have affected maize symbionts' evolutionary history dramatically. Because transmission of Umv-H1 takes place only through cytoplasmic fusion during mating of U. maydis individuals, the population dynamics of U. maydis and maize are expected to affect the population structure of the viral symbiont strongly. Here, the impact of changes in the evolutionary history of U. maydis on that of Umv-H1 was investigated. The high mutation rate of this virus allows inferences to be made about the evolution and divergence of Umv-H1 lineages as a result of the recent changes in U. maydis geographical and genetic structure. The phylogeographical history and genetic structure of Umv-H1 populations in the USA and Mexico were determined by using analyses of viral nucleotide sequence variation. Infection and recombination frequencies, genetic diversity and rates of neutral evolution were also assessed, to make inferences regarding evolutionary processes underlying the population genetic structure of ancestral and descendent populations. The results suggest that Mexico represents the ancestral population of Umv-H1, from which the virus has been carried with U. maydis populations into the USA. Thus, the population dynamics of one symbiont represent a major evolutionary force on the co-evolutionary dynamics of symbiotic partners.

scholarly journals The evolutionary history of human spindle genes includes back-and-forth gene flow with Neandertals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Peyrégne ◽  
Janet Kelso ◽  
Benjamin Marco Peter ◽  
Svante Pääbo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
Cytoskeletal Structure ◽  
Spindle Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Segregation Of Chromosomes

Proteins associated with the spindle apparatus, a cytoskeletal structure that ensures the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division, experienced an unusual number of amino acid substitutions in modern humans after the split from the ancestors of Neandertals and Denisovans. Here, we analyze the history of these substitutions and show that some of the genes in which they occur may have been targets of positive selection. We also find that the two changes in the kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1) protein, previously believed to be specific to modern humans, were present in some Neandertals. We show that the KNL1 gene of these Neandertals shared a common ancestor with present-day Africans about 200,000 years ago due to gene flow from the ancestors (or relatives) of modern humans into Neandertals. Subsequently, some non-Africans inherited this modern human-like gene variant from Neandertals, but none inherited the ancestral gene variants. These results add to the growing evidence of early contacts between modern humans and archaic groups in Eurasia and illustrate the intricate relationships among these groups.

scholarly journals Advances in Quaternary Studies: The Contribution of the Mammalian Fossil Record

Quaternary ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Maria Palombo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mammalian Fossil

Explaining the multifaceted, dynamic interactions of the manifold factors that have modelled throughout the ages the evolutionary history of the biosphere is undoubtedly a fascinating and challenging task that has been intriguing palaeontologists, biologists and ecologists for decades, in a never-ending pursuit of the causal factors that controlled the evolutionary dynamics of the Earth’s ecosystems throughout deep and Quaternary time. [...]

Population genetic structure and evolutionary history of North Atlantic beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from West Greenland, Svalbard and the White Sea

Polar Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory O’Corry-Crowe ◽  
Christian Lydersen ◽  
Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen ◽  
Lauren Hansen ◽  
Lev M. Mukhametov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
History Of
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