Plant resistance in different cell layers affects aphid probing and feeding behaviour during non-host and poor-host interactions

AbstractAphids are phloem-feeding insects that cause economic losses to crops globally. Whilst aphid interactions with susceptible plants and partially resistant genotypes have been well characterized, the interactions between aphids and non-host species are not well understood. Unravelling these non-host interactions can identify the mechanisms which contribute to plant resistance. Using contrasting aphid-host plant systems, including the broad host range pest Myzus persicae (host: Arabidopsis; poor-host: barley) and the cereal pest Rhopalosiphum padi (host: barley; non-host: Arabidopsis), we conducted a range of physiological experiments and compared aphid settling and probing behaviour on a host plant vs either a non-host or poor-host. In choice experiments, we observed that around 10% of aphids selected a non-host or poor-host plant species after 24 h. Using the Electrical Penetration Graph technique, we showed that feeding and probing behaviours differ during non-host and poor-host interactions when compared with a host interaction. In the Arabidopsis non-host interaction with the cereal pest R. padi aphids were unable to reach and feed on the phloem, with resistance likely residing in the mesophyll cell layer. In the barley poor-host interaction with M. persicae, resistance is likely phloem-based as phloem ingestion was reduced compared with the host interaction. Overall, our data suggest that plant resistance to aphids in non-host and poor-host interactions with these aphid species likely resides in different plant cell layers. Future work will take into account specific cell layers where resistances are based to dissect the underlying mechanisms and gain a better understanding of how we may improve crop resistance to aphids.

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Plant resistance in different cell layers affects aphid probing and feeding behaviour during poor- and non-host interactions

10.1101/372839 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carmen Escudero-Martinez ◽

Daniel J. Leybourne ◽

Jorunn I.B. Bos

Keyword(s):

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Species ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Host Interaction ◽

Natural Host Species ◽

Cell Layers

AbstractAphids are phloem-feeding insects that cause economic losses to crops globally. Whilst aphid interactions with susceptible plants and partially resistant genotypes have been well characterised with regards to aphid probing and feeding behaviour, the interactions with non-natural host species are not well understood. Using aphid choice assays with the broad host range pest Myzus persicae and the cereal pest Rhopalosiphum padi we show that about 10% of aphids settle on non-/poor-host species over a 24h time period. We used the Electrical Penetration Graph technique to assess aphid probing and feeding behaviour during the non-/poor-host interactions. In the Arabidopsis non-host interaction with the cereal pest R. padi aphids were unable to reach and feed from the phloem, with resistance likely residing in the mesophyll cell layer. In the barley poor-host interaction with M. persicae, resistance is likely phloem-based as aphids were able to reach the phloem but ingestion was reduced compared with the host interaction. Overall our data suggests that plant resistance to aphids in non-host and poor-host interactions with these aphid species likely resides in different plant cell layers. Future work will take into account specific cell layers where resistances are based to dissect the underlying mechanisms and gain a better understanding of how we may improve crop resistance to aphids.

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Effect of l-mimosine in artificial diet on the growth and development of Heliothis punctiger larvae

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600047481 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 477-479

Author(s):

R. Elliott ◽

J. T. B. Milton ◽

G. H. Gordon ◽

F. P. C. Blamey

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Sex Pheromones ◽

Artificial Diet ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Naturally Occurring

Major economic losses in many agricultural crops have been attributed to damage caused by insects of Heliothis spp. For example, Alcock & Twine (1980) estimated that in Queensland, Australia the annual losses caused by Heliothis spp. were over $16 million, with major losses in sorghum, cotton, tomatoes, tobacco, and safflower. The increasing resistance of Heliothis spp. to pesticides together with an increasing awareness of environmental problems associated with excessive use of pesticides has encouraged the development of research into the area of host-plant resistance. Naturally occurring toxicants and repellants, feeding deterrents and sex pheromones have been evaluated for some years (Jacobson, 1982; Lukefahr, 1982).

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Host plant resistance and biological control: A test of the movement-risk hypothesis

10.1603/ice.2016.109191 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Cory Straub

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance

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Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1384

Author(s):

Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽

Young Hae Choi ◽

Kirsten A. Leiss ◽

Peter G. L. Klinkhamer

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Western Flower Thrips ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Triterpenoid Saponins ◽

Flower Thrips ◽

Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

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Comparative TMT Proteomic Analysis Unveils Unique Insights into Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Resistance in Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5941

Author(s):

Abigail Ngugi-Dawit ◽

Isaac Njaci ◽

Thomas J.V. Higgins ◽

Brett Williams ◽

Sita R. Ghimire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Artificial Diet ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] is an economically important legume playing a crucial role in the semi-arid tropics. Pigeonpea is susceptible to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which causes devastating yield losses. This pest is developing resistance to many commercially available insecticides. Therefore, crop wild relatives of pigeonpea, are being considered as potential sources of genes to expand the genetic base of cultivated pigeonpea to improve traits such as host plant resistance to pests and pathogens. Quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted using the tandem mass tag platform to identify differentially abundant proteins between IBS 3471 and ICPL 87 tolerant accession and susceptible variety to H. armigera, respectively. Leaf proteome were analysed at the vegetative and flowering/podding growth stages. H. armigera tolerance in IBS 3471 appeared to be related to enhanced defence responses, such as changes in secondary metabolite precursors, antioxidants, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. The development of larvae fed on an artificial diet with IBS 3471 lyophilised leaves showed similar inhibition with those fed on an artificial diet with quercetin concentrations with 32 mg/25 g of artificial diet. DAB staining (3,3’-diaminobenzidine) revealed a rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species in IBS 3471. We conclude that IBS 3471 is an ideal candidate for improving the genetic base of cultivated pigeonpea, including traits for host plant resistance.

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