scholarly journals Nest-departure behaviour of gynes and drones in the invasive yellowjacket Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrés S. Martínez ◽  
Natalia Rousselot ◽  
Juan C. Corley ◽  
Maité Masciocchi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System

Abstract Inbreeding costs can be high in haplodiploid hymenopterans due to their particular mechanism of sex determination (i.e., single-locus complementary sex-determination system, sl-CSD), as it can lead to the production of sterile males. Therefore, mechanisms contributing to reduced inbred matings can be beneficial. In this sense, asynchronous nest departure of sibling drones and gynes could reduce kin encounters in social hymenopterans. Using six observation colonies, we determined under field conditions the nest departure behaviour of sibling reproductives of the social wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). We determined that sexuals leave the nests definitively and detected asynchronous departure not fixed to a particular caste at a seasonal scale in some colonies, as gynes or drones delayed their departure as a function of the departure of the opposite sex, depending on the colony. At a higher temporal resolution (i.e., within a day), we discovered that drones consistently began to leave nests 1 h before gynes and this difference was driven by those individuals that left on the same day as did the opposite-sex kin. Even though other mechanisms such as polyandry and differential dispersal could also be important at reducing inbred matings in the species, the observed departure patterns (i.e., in some colonies actually leave together with the opposite caste, while in others temporal segregation seems to occur) from nests could be complementary to the former and be important at reducing the negative effects of inbreeding in this invasive species.

scholarly journals Diploid males of Scaptotrigona depilis are able to join reproductive aggregations (Apidae, Meliponini)

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Ayrton Vollet-Neto ◽  
Charles Fernando dos Santos ◽  
Leandro Rodrigues Santiago ◽  
Denise de Araujo Alves ◽  
Júlia Pinheiro de Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Population Viability ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System ◽  
Reproductive Aggregation

The sex determination system in the eusocial stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) is based on the combination of alleles at the complementary sex determination (CSD) locus. In this system, males are haploid and females are diploid. However, diploid males can develop from fertilized eggs when they are homozygous at single or multiple sex loci. The production of such males can negatively affect population viability, since they are usually infertile or inviable. Moreover, when they are viable but infertile, or siring sterile triploid offspring, this could cause another load on the population, leading the fertilized offspring of other females to be only haploid males or triploid sterile daughters. In this context, our aim was to verify whether diploid males of the stingless bee Scaptotrigonadepilis do in fact join reproductive aggregations. We showed that of 360 marked males from two different colonies, five were participating in a reproductive aggregation ca. 20 meters from their natal colonies. Using microsatellites markers, it was confirmed that three of these five males were diploid. They were captured in the mating aggregations when they were 15 to 20 days old. Further research is necessary to determine the mating success of stingless bee diploid males under natural conditions and to determine their impact on stingless bee population extinction risks.

The social wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) population dynamics in England over 39 years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Michael Archer
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Suction Traps

1. Yearly records of worker Vespula germanica (Fabricius) taken in suction traps at Silwood Park (28 years) and at Rothamsted Research (39 years) are examined. 2. Using the autocorrelation function (ACF), a significant negative 1-year lag followed by a lesser non-significant positive 2-year lag was found in all, or parts of, each data set, indicating an underlying population dynamic of a 2-year cycle with a damped waveform. 3. The minimum number of years before the 2-year cycle with damped waveform was shown varied between 17 and 26, or was not found in some data sets. 4. Ecological factors delaying or preventing the occurrence of the 2-year cycle are considered.

SEX AND SUPERNUMERARY CHROMOSOMES IN THE DIOECIOUS GRASS SOHNSIA FILIFOLIA

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Supernumerary Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Plant ◽  
Diploid Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Supernumerary Chromosomes ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System

A dioecious grass Sohnsia filifolia (Fourn.) Airy Shaw (Syn. Calamochloa filifolia Fourn.) from Mexico has been found to have 2n = 20 chromosomes in both male and female plants. The staminate plants have one chromosome much longer than the other chromosomes of the complement. One pistillate plant was found to have 30 chromosomes, among which the largest chromosome is quite similar to the largest component of the diploid male plant. The longest chromosome has been designated as the Y chromosome. An XY-mechanism of the Drosophilia type has been suggested for the sex determination system in this species. One small supernumerary chromosome was observed in the microsporocytes of some male plants, but was absent in roots.

scholarly journals A 180 Myr-old female-specific genome region in sturgeon reveals the oldest known vertebrate sex determining system with undifferentiated sex chromosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1832) ◽  
pp. 20200089
Author(s):  
Heiner Kuhl ◽  
Yann Guiguen ◽  
Christin Höhne ◽  
Eva Kreuz ◽  
Kang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Genome Region ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Polyploidization Event

Several hypotheses explain the prevalence of undifferentiated sex chromosomes in poikilothermic vertebrates. Turnovers change the master sex determination gene, the sex chromosome or the sex determination system (e.g. XY to WZ). Jumping master genes stay main triggers but translocate to other chromosomes. Occasional recombination (e.g. in sex-reversed females) prevents sex chromosome degeneration. Recent research has uncovered conserved heteromorphic or even homomorphic sex chromosomes in several clades of non-avian and non-mammalian vertebrates. Sex determination in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) has been a long-standing basic biological question, linked to economical demands by the caviar-producing aquaculture. Here, we report the discovery of a sex-specific sequence from sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus ). Using chromosome-scale assemblies and pool-sequencing, we first identified an approximately 16 kb female-specific region. We developed a PCR-genotyping test, yielding female-specific products in six species, spanning the entire phylogeny with the most divergent extant lineages ( A. sturio, A. oxyrinchus versus A. ruthenus, Huso huso ), stemming from an ancient tetraploidization. Similar results were obtained in two octoploid species ( A. gueldenstaedtii, A. baerii ). Conservation of a female-specific sequence for a long period, representing 180 Myr of sturgeon evolution, and across at least one polyploidization event, raises many interesting biological questions. We discuss a conserved undifferentiated sex chromosome system with a ZZ/ZW-mode of sex determination and potential alternatives. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)’.

scholarly journals Correction: The persimmon genome reveals clues to the evolution of a lineage-specific sex determination system in plants

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e1008845
Author(s):  
Takashi Akagi ◽  
Kenta Shirasawa ◽  
Hideki Nagasaki ◽  
Hideki Hirakawa ◽  
Ryutaro Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System

Identification of sex‐specific markers and heterogametic XX/XY sex determination system by 2b‐RAD sequencing in redtail catfish ( Mystus wyckioides )

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2251-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin Zhou ◽  
Junjie Wu ◽  
Zhongwei Wang ◽  
Guanghua Li ◽  
Jie Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Rad Sequencing ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System
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