A rapid method for sex identification in Cannabis sativa using High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis.

We report the identification of two SNPs in Cannabis sativa that are associated with female and male plant sex phenotypes, and are located on the top arm of the X chromosome. High Resolution Melt analysis was used to develop and validate a novel, rapid method for sex identification in medical/recreational cannabis as well as in hemp. This method can distinguish between dioecious male (XY) and dioecious female (XX) cannabis plants with 100% accuracy, and can also be used to differentiate between male and female Humulus lupulus (hop) plants.

Optimization of hybrid corn seed production in pollination systems at various parent seed planting ratios

The research was carried out on land belonging to the North Sulawesi Agricultural Technology Research Center located at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) Address Talawaan Bantik Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency in February 2021. This study aims to analyze the different effects of spray pollination treatment on the ratio female and male parents to increase hybrid corn seed production and to obtain the best pollination vs ratio between male and female parents in increasing hybrid seed productivity. This study uses a 2 x 4 Factorial Experimental Design where factor S consists of 2 levels and factor R consists of 4 levels in the RAK pattern, namely: Factor S = Pollination with 2 levels (S1 = Spray Pollination, S2 = Natural Pollination) and Factor R = Male to Female Planting Ratio (R1 = 4 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R2 = 5 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R3 = 6 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R4 = full female plants: solation of male plants) for each treatment repeated 3 times. Based on the analysis of interaction variance, spray pollination treatment at a planting ratio of 6 : 1 was able to increase the yield of hybrid corn seed production. The results of the 5% BNT further test showed the values obtained from observations of the number of rows filled with seeds, the number of seeds in a row, the weight of 10 cobs without husks and the weight of shelled 10 cobs in a row, namely, 12.1, 23.6, 1166.7, 867, 3.

Cutting propagation of ‘Cambona 4’ yerba mate clones

The ‘Cambona 4’ yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. - Aquifoliaceae) stands out for the high productivity and soft taste of the raw material obtained. The seedlings come from the controlled crosses of a female and a male plant. In order to guarantee the planting of even more uniform and productive herbs, the cutting is an alternative of propagation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the rooting capacity of apical and subapical cuttings of six ‘Cambona 4’ clones (C7, C8, C9, C10, C11 and C13) in two seasons, in january (summer/autumn) and april (autumn/winter) treated with 2.000 mg/kg of IBA in the form of talc. The cuttings were standardized with 10 cm, keeping a pair of leaves cut in half. The cutting was done in an agricultural greenhouse, with irrigation by intermittent nebulization, the cuttings were placed to rooting in plastic tubes containing carbonized rice husk. After 120 days, it was verified that the cutting season influenced the response of each clone, but for most clones rooting was higher when performed in summer/autumn, with better rates varying between 78.2% to 90.6% (C8, C9, C11 and C13), while in autumn/winter it was from 59.4% to 75.0% (C7, C10, C11 and C13). In the summer/autumn cutting period, subapical cuttings showed greater survival and rooting than the apical ones, but they didn’t differ when performed in autumn/winter. Leaf retention positively influenced the survival.

Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi 10 Aksesi Salak di Sijunjung Sumatera Barat

<p>The study was conducted at the farmer&amp;rsquo;s field in Ujung Batu Sijunjung, West Sumatera using local Salacca cultivars developed from crossing between cultivar Pondoh as female plant and indigenous salak of Sumatera as male plant. This study was held from January 2003 until December 2005. The objective of this study was to develop database of Salacca characters by exploration method and using data passport model. The research result showed that five accessions with yellowish white fruits and the other five accessions with white fruits. The plant that produced fruit with good quality was SNJ-01 and thick flesh (0.57 cm), sweet (18,00oBrix in TSS), crispy, yellowish white in color and contains water 77.02%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun petani Desa Ujung Batu Kabupaten Sijunjung Sumatera Barat dengan menggunakan materi tanaman salak yang ada di daerah tersebut yang berasal dari persilangan antara induk betina salak Pondoh dan jantan indigenous Sumatera. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2003 sampai dengan Desember 2005 dan bertujuan untuk menyusun database karakter tanaman salak, metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi dan pengumpulan database menggunakan model paspor data. Hasil penelitian diperoleh deskripsi 5 aksesi yang warna buahnya putih kekuningan dan 5 aksesi yang warna buahnya putih. Tanaman yang menghasilkan buah dengan mutu baik, yaitu aksesi nomor SNJ-01, di mana daging buahnya tebal (0,57 cm), manis (PTT = 18,00oBrix), masir, berwarna putih kekuningan, dan kadar air (7,02%).</p>

Lepidolejeunea novae-caledoniae (Piippo) R.L.Zhu & Frank Müll. (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae), stat. nov. from New Caledonia

New Caledonia is one of the biodiversity hotspots with bryophyte endemism estimated to be up to 39% (Thouvenot & Bardat 2010; Thouvenot et al. 2011). A total of 151 species in 28 genera of Lejeuneaceae have been recorded in this country (Thouvenot 2015; Thouvenot et al. 2015; Müller et al. 2016). Lepidolejeunea bidentula (Jack & Stephani 1894: 107) Schuster (1980: 425) is a widespread species in E Africa, Oceania, and SE Asia. Piippo (1986) described a new variety known only from New Caledonia, L. bidentula var. novae-caledoniae Piippo (1986: 26), based on MacKee’s collections from New Caledonia. Although this variety is easily separated from L. bidentula var. bidentula by the long falcate apical tooth, Piippo (1986) considered that this taxon deserved varietal rank owing to the lack of sufficient understanding of the androecia at that time. In the course of our studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Lejeuneaceae, we encountered a male plant of this taxon with rich androecia in F. Müller’s collections from New Caledonia. The male plant clearly showed that the androecia are usually intercalary on short or long branches, and that male bracteoles (3−4) are present throughout the androecium (Fig. 1). In Lepidolejeunea bidentula var. bidentula, on the other hand, male bracteoles are always restricted to the base of the androecia. Whether the male bracteoles are born throughout the androecium or restricted to the base is one of the most reliable characters in Lejeuneaceae (Mizutani 1961; Grolle & Zhu 2000; Zhu & So 2001). Comparison of samples of the two varieties revealed further morphological differences such as the relative size of the ocelli, a character already observed by Piippo (1986). Therefore, it is appropriate to raise the variety novae-caledoniae to specific rank.

A new species of Heterosmilax from China

The new species Heterosmilax longiflora (Smilacaceae) belonging to section Polyandrae and known only from the male plant from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated.