Cities and Wealth in the South Atlantic: Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro before 1860

Author(s):  
Lyman L. Johnson ◽  
Zephyr Frank
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-29
Author(s):  
Mariana Armond Dias Paes ◽  

This article examines the arguments used in an 1835 court case filed before the Court of Appeals of Rio de Janeiro. This analysis highlights t hat: a) the considerable number of African slaves and the existence of a shared culture in the South Atlantic had a strong impact on freedmen’s and freedwomen’s experiences of freedom; b) masters resisted freedpersons demands for rights and tried to sust ai n dependency relations; and c) in a context of precariousness of freedom, it was paramount to be recognized by the community as a free person and access to land played a central role in this recognition


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Barbosa ◽  
Mauricio Camilo ◽  
Carlos Almeida ◽  
Guilherme Amaral ◽  
Nuno Dias ◽  
...  

<p>The marine boundary layer offers a unique opportunity to investigate the electrical properties of the atmosphere, as the effect of natural radioactivity in driving near surface ionization is significantly reduced over the ocean, and the concentration of aerosols is also typically lower than over land. This work addresses the temporal variability of the atmospheric electric field in the South Atlantic marine boundary layer based on measurements from the SAIL (Space-Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions in the marine boundary Layer) project. The SAIL monitoring campaign took place on board the Portuguese navy tall ship NRP Sagres during its circumnavigation expedition in 2020.  Two identical field mills (CS110, Campbell Scientific) were installed on the same mast but at different heights (about 5 and 22 meters), recording the atmospheric electric field every 1-second. Hourly averages of the atmospheric electric field are analyzed for the ship’s leg from 3<sup>rd</sup> to 25<sup>th</sup> March, between Buenos Aires (South America) and Cape Town (South Africa). The median daily curve of the electric field has a shape compatible with the Carnegie curve, but significant variability is found in the daily pattern of individual days, with only about 30% of the days exhibiting a diurnal pattern consistent with the Carnegie curve.</p>


The author, who had the command of His Majesty’s ship Algerine, was instructed to take charge of the enterprise commenced by the officers and crew of His Majesty’s ship Lightning, having for its object the recovery of the treasure and stores from the wreck of the Thetis, which, in the month of December 1830, had sunk in a cove to the south-east of Cape Frio. He reached this spot on the 6th of March, 1832, having with him eleven officers and eighty-five men. A certain number of men were appointed to remain on board the ship, which was moored in a harbour two miles off a party of artificers and others were employed at the huts which they inhabited near the Cape; and the rest, nearly thirty-five in number, were stationed at the wreck. The author gives a description of Cape Frio, and of the island of which it forms the south-eastern extremity, and which is an immense promontory of insulated granite jutting into the Atlantic Ocean, sixty miles east of Rio de Janeiro. The cove, in the middle of which the wreck of the Thetis lay, is a square indenture in the cliffs, six hundred feet deep by as many wide. It is surrounded by nearly perpendicular masses of granite, from one hundred to two hundred feet high, and is exposed to the whole swell of the South Atlantic, which sets in with remarkable force in that direction. The weather is singularly variable; and transitions frequently take place in the course of few hours, from perfect stillness to the most tremendous swell. The author states that he has witnessed few scenes in nature more sublime than that presented by the Thetis Cove during a gale of wind from the south-west.


Check List ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Lara De Castro Manso ◽  
Jéssica Prata de Oliveira ◽  
Mário S. Ximenez

Ophioscolex glacialis Müller and Troschel, 1840 (Ophiuroidea: Ophiomyxidae) was registered for first time off the Brazilian coast, from the Campos Basin of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The specimen was sampled during a environmental monitoring. 


2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN ARQUILLA ◽  
MARÍA MOYANO RASMUSSEN

The most widely-accepted views of the origins of the South Atlantic War contend that it arose either out of the Argentine junta's need to divert attention away from a worsening economy or from misperceptions in both London and Buenos Aires. This article argues that the ‘demobilisation’ of Argentine civil society removed the need for a diversionary war; and that the lengthy crisis bargaining that followed in the wake of the ‘grab’ of the Falklands/Malvinas Islands substantially mitigated the impact of any misperceptions. This article advances an alternative to existing theories that explains the outbreak of this war by reference to both structural and organisational factors. A fast decreasing gap in relative power between Argentina and Britain may have encouraged the junta more seriously to consider the possibility of initiating a war between the two. Thereafter, however, the organisational pathologies of the Argentine military led to a suboptimally timed preemptive invasion, intransigent diplomacy and a ‘hedged’ approach to deployments that severely undermined Argentina's military effectiveness, allowing Britain to undertake reconquest of the islands with a very reasonable chance of success.


1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127

The second session of the ICAO Council convened in Montreal on September 2, 1947. In the course of its session, the Council received reports on ICAO's activities during the summer of 1947 and on two regional air navigation meetings: that for the South American region which met in Lima and that for the South Atlantic area held in Rio de Janeiro. Stuart Graham (Canada), Henri Bouche (France) and P. David (US) were named to the chairmanships of the Air Navigation Committee, the Air Transport Committee and the Committee on the Convention on International Civil Aviation, respectively. Members were also designated for the Finance Committee and for the Committee on the Joint Support of Air Navigation Services.


The palaeomagnetism of Ordovician and Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentary rock formations exposed in Bolivia has been studied. It is deduced that the south palaeomagnetic pole was situated in the Guianas in the Middle Palaeozoic, and in the south Atlantic, about half way between the present positions of Buenos Aires and Cape Town in the Carboniferous.


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