scholarly journals Colonies of the Little Motherland: Membership, Space, and Time in Mexican Migrant Hometown Associations

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Hometown Associations ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Sedentary Population ◽  
Transnational Community ◽  
Mexican Migrant ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
And Migration

The hometown associations (HTAs) formed by international migrants sharing a place of origin are considered the quintessential “transnational” institution linking migrants to family and townspeople who stayed behind. Scholars of transnationalism present HTAs as the expression of a new kind of “transnational community” or “transnational social field” that is redefining what it means to belong to a community by including people who are physically absent but who make their presence felt through regular visits and remittances and by sponsoring charity and development projects in their hometown. New transportation and communication technologies stretching the limits of space and time are said to be the driving forces that allow migrants to belong to a single community anchored in multiple, distant geographic localities. Such migrants transcend the old boundaries of territorial belonging that depended on a sedentary population, and call into question basic social scientific concepts like “citizenship,” “community,” “nation-state,” and “migration.” Even the most recent transnationalism literature, which has retreated from some earlier claims of novelty to rediscover transborder practices of older migrations, continues to claim that new conceptions of membership are necessary to understand both new and older practices (Basch, Schiller, and Blanc 1994; Levitt 2001; Portes and Landolt 2002; Smith 2006).

Challenges Posed by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for South African Higher Education Institutions

10.28945/2679 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Herselman ◽  
HR Hay
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Teaching Learning

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are the major driving forces of globalised and knowledge-based societies of a new world era. They will have a profound impact on teaching and learning for two decades to come. The revolutionary change which is taking place in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), has dramatic effects on the way universities carry out their functions of teaching, learning and research, particularly on the creation, dissemination and application of knowledge. These developments pose unprecedented challenges to higher education institutions (HEIs) in developing countries particular in South Africa as South Africa is viewed as the leading country on the continent.

scholarly journals Spatial and space-time correlations in systems of subpopulations with genetic drift and migration.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-727
Author(s):  
B K Epperson
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
And Migration

Abstract The geographic distribution of genetic variation is an important theoretical and experimental component of population genetics. Previous characterizations of genetic structure of populations have used measures of spatial variance and spatial correlations. Yet a full understanding of the causes and consequences of spatial structure requires complete characterization of the underlying space-time system. This paper examines important interactions between processes and spatial structure in systems of subpopulations with migration and drift, by analyzing correlations of gene frequencies over space and time. We develop methods for studying important features of the complete set of space-time correlations of gene frequencies for the first time in population genetics. These methods also provide a new alternative for studying the purely spatial correlations and the variance, for models with general spatial dimensionalities and migration patterns. These results are obtained by employing theorems, previously unused in population genetics, for space-time autoregressive (STAR) stochastic spatial time series. We include results on systems with subpopulation interactions that have time delay lags (temporal orders) greater than one. We use the space-time correlation structure to develop novel estimators for migration rates that are based on space-time data (samples collected over space and time) rather than on purely spatial data, for real systems. We examine the space-time and spatial correlations for some specific stepping stone migration models. One focus is on the effects of anisotropic migration rates. Partial space-time correlation coefficients can be used for identifying migration patterns. Using STAR models, the spatial, space-time, and partial space-time correlations together provide a framework with an unprecedented level of detail for characterizing, predicting and contrasting space-time theoretical distributions of gene frequencies, and for identifying features such as the pattern of migration and estimating migration rates in experimental studies of genetic variation over space and time.

scholarly journals Aging in Context: The Importance of Comparative Studies for Understanding the Lives of Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 561-561
Author(s):  
Allen Glicksman ◽  
Lauren Ring ◽  
Norah Keating
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Older Migrants ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Aging Services ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Policies And Programs

Abstract Access and use patterns of both formal and informal services for older migrants are often examined in a dyadic framework where one group of older persons (or their caregivers) is studied in relation to their use of a program or service. A comparative approach, that might also examine the reasons that some persons may (or may not) use a service, may yield important findings that place the dyadic studies within a larger social and policy context. By using a comparative approach, we can also consider influences of the culture of origin for older adults and their caregivers, as well as the policies and programs offered in the destination country. The four papers on this panel explore these issues. The first paper will frame the discussion, and the remaining three will focus on informal care, formal care, and the point of contact between aging services professionals and older immigrants. The first paper (Torres) takes a broad look at social exclusion mechanisms that bar access to services due to racism in the host societies. The second presentation (Diederich, et. al.) examines how place of origin can influence caregiving behavior. The third paper, (Thiamwong) examines a single program that is used to serve multiple ethnic minority/immigrant groups. Finally, (Ring et. al.,) will examine trust or its absence in the attitudes of older migrants toward use of formal aging services in two migrant populations. The four papers also demonstrate how different research methods (qualitative, quantitative, scoping review) can be used to illuminate these issues. International Aging and Migration Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

Estimating Effective Population Size and Migration Rates From Genetic Samples Over Space and Time

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Wang ◽  
Michael C Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Likelihood Methods ◽  
Marker Allele ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
And Migration

Abstract In the past, moment and likelihood methods have been developed to estimate the effective population size (Ne) on the basis of the observed changes of marker allele frequencies over time, and these have been applied to a large variety of species and populations. Such methods invariably make the critical assumption of a single isolated population receiving no immigrants over the study interval. For most populations in the real world, however, migration is not negligible and can substantially bias estimates of Ne if it is not accounted for. Here we extend previous moment and maximum-likelihood methods to allow the joint estimation of Ne and migration rate (m) using genetic samples over space and time. It is shown that, compared to genetic drift acting alone, migration results in changes in allele frequency that are greater in the short term and smaller in the long term, leading to under- and overestimation of Ne, respectively, if it is ignored. Extensive simulations are run to evaluate the newly developed moment and likelihood methods, which yield generally satisfactory estimates of both Ne and m for populations with widely different effective sizes and migration rates and patterns, given a reasonably large sample size and number of markers.

Numerical Solution of the Coupled Nernst-Planck and Poisson Equations for Ion-Selective Membrane Potentials

2002 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lingenfelter ◽  
Tomasz Sokalski ◽  
Andrzej Lewenstam
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Contact Boundary ◽  
Poisson Equations ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Boundary Potential ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
Selective Membrane ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
And Migration

ABSTRACTA numerical model is presented for analyzing the propagation of ionic concentrations and electrical potential in space and time in the solution ion-exchanging membrane system. Diffusion and migration according to the Nernst-Planck (NP) flux equation govern the transport of ions, and the electrical interaction of the species is described by the Poisson (P) equation. These two equations and the continuity equation form a system of partial non-linear differential equations that is solved numerically. As a result of the physicochemical properties of the system, both the contact/boundary potential and the diffusion potential contribute to the overall membrane potential. It is shown that interpreting the electrical potential of ion-exchanging membranes exclusively in terms of boundary potential at steady-state is incorrect. The Nernst-Planck-Poisson (NPP) model is general and applies to ions of any charge in space and time domains.

The Use of Electronic Banking and New Technologies in Cash Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 3914-3920
Author(s):  
Leire San Jose Ruiz de Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Cash Management ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication

The use of new information and communication technologies (ICT) as a business tool has increased rapidly for the past 10 years (Bonsón, Coffin, & Watson, 2000; Claessens, Glaessner, & Klingebiel, 2000; Vasarhelyi & Greenstein, 2003). More specifically, financial software, e-banking, and the Internet, as core aspects of the various technologies used, have become driving forces behind the expansion of firms and the development of cash management. New technologies are considered as one of the most attractive ways for businesses to increase revenue and achieve economies of scale that can reduce unit costs (Ballantine & Stray, 1998; Barajas & Villanueva, 2001; Daniel, 1999; Daniel & Storey, 1997; Deyoung, 2001; Downes & Muy, 1998; Faulder, 2001; Jayawardhena & Foley, 2000). There are different studies about the use of ICT in the management of the enterprise that explain the obtaining of enterprise performance. Brynjolfsson and Hitt (2000) and Nájera (2005) have done a review of these works and a classification of these types of researches. Unfortunately, there are not specific works or empirical researches about the use of e-banking in cash management; consequently, this work is focused in this. The rest of the chapter is structured as follows. The theoretical foundation on which the study is based is explained in Section 2. Section 3 presents the data and the analysis procedure used to conduct the empirical study. The main results of the investigation are shown in Section 4, and Section 5 presents conclusions. The chapter ends with a list of bibliographical references.

Digital Democracy

2008 ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anza A. Akram
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Democracy ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Electronic Democracy ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Informative Approach

The purpose of the chapter is to discuss the effects of information and communication technologies on democracy and focuses on the driving forces, citizen and technology, to understand the effects and future implications. The research is based on literature review and uses informative approach to analyze the existing practices in electronic democracy. It inquires the relationship between the theories in communications and democracy, and analyzes the interaction with the citizens from Athenian and the Orwellion perspectives in Politics. It proposes a framework to identify and analyze the driving forces and the issues related to the digital democracy. The resultant effects are important to study as they play a major role in shaping society and uncovering the issues related to direct democracy through integrated technologies. The future of democracy has privacy, security and legal implications but the enlightened citizens, compatible infrastructure and governess bodies will help in eliminating the drawbacks of direct democracy.

Generations Apart

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 128-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassahun Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethiopian Immigrants ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Migration Experiences

This study of Ethiopian immigrants in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area suggests that the continued involvement of immigrants with their place of origin is significantly shaped by pre-immigration and migration experiences. From my historically informed ethnographic work as well as the analysis of my informants’ pre-migration class and political backgrounds and the reasons why they left Ethiopia since the 1960s, three generations emerge: the Royalists, the Revolutionaries, and the DVs (Diversity Visa immigrants). In this article I explore the multiple and often contradictory narratives and discourses that characterize these generations. I also explore the ways in which the heterogeneity between the generations is manifested in their way of experiencing the United States, in their relationship with the homeland, and in the inter-generational interactions that bind them to one another. I use this case study to argue that attending to pre-migration intra- as well as inter-generational differences in immigrants’ experiences and views of their home and receiving countries will yield a fuller and more accurate picture of transnational migration.

scholarly journals Detrimental effects of early rural life on blood pressure among urban male migrants in Wrocław, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kozieł ◽  
Anna Lipowicz ◽  
Stanley J. Ulijaszek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Sedentary Population ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Unhealthy Behavior ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Male

Abstract The purpose of the study was to compare the blood pressure of rural-to-urban migrants and the sedentary population (non-migratory) of the city of Wrocław, Poland. Additionally, the effect of time spent in the rural area on blood pressure was also assessed. The study sample consisted of 2753 males aged 25-75 years, following a medical examination, underwent an interview and anthropometric measurements between 1989-90. Based on the place of origin all males were divided into rural-to-urban migrant inhabitants of Wrocław (N=1222) and sedentary inhabitants of Wrocław (N=921). The percentage of time spent in the rural area [(time spent in rural area/age)*100] was then calculated and was used in analysis. In each age category, the rural-urban migrants were found to be shorter in height. Age, BMI, level of education and time of migration had a significant effect on both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure irrespective of the level of education. It was demonstrated that the time of migration, allowing for age, body size and education level, significantly correlated with blood pressure. The later in time, the males migrated from rural to urban areas, the higher their blood pressure. It was hypothesized that unhealthy behavior could still have continued in a new urban environment, resulting in migrant - sedentary differences in health parameters.

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